Renal Relevant Radiology

Ebrahimi, Behzad; Textor, Stephen C.; Lerman, Lilach O.

doi:10.2215/cjn.02900313

Cited by 75 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Further, functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques are increasingly performed to evaluate renal function and injury. These include perfusion, diffusion, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging [1–3]. Because functional, molecular and cellular changes precede anatomic changes, functional MR imaging enables the early detection of renal disease as well as improved understanding of disease pathogenesis that could facilitate the development of better treatment options and improve patient prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current MRI techniques for the assessment of renal disease

Takahashi

Wang²,

Quarles³

2015

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

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Purpose of review Over the past decade a variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been developed and applied to many kidney diseases. These MRI techniques show great promise, enabling the noninvasive assessment of renal structure, function, and injury in individual subjects. This review will highlight current applications of functional MRI techniques for the assessment of renal disease and discuss future directions. Recent findings Many pathological (functional and structural) changes or factors in renal disease can be assessed by advanced MRI techniques. These include renal vascular structure and function (contrast-enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling), tissue oxygenation (blood oxygen level-dependent MRI), renal tissue injury and fibrosis (diffusion or magnetization transfer imaging, MR elastography), renal metabolism (chemical exchange saturation transfer, spectroscopic imaging), nephron endowment (cationic-contrast imaging), sodium concentration (23Na-MRI), and molecular events (targeted-contrast imaging). Summary Current advances in MRI techniques have enabled the non-invasive investigation of renal disease. Further development, evaluation, and application of the MRI techniques should facilitate better understanding and assessment of renal disease and the development of new imaging biomarkers, enabling the intensified treatment to high-risk populations and a more rapid interrogation of novel therapeutic agents and protocols.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current MRI techniques for the assessment of renal disease

Takahashi

Wang²,

Quarles³

2015

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

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“…It was expected because it is known that with increasing GA the glomerular density increases (24). This leads to increase in the renal volume, kidney density, isotropy in the kidney and consequently to the restriction in the diffusion parameters in the parenchyma [29,30].…”

Section: Renal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of amniotic fluid volumetry between fetal sonography and MRI - Correlation to MR diffusion parameters of the fetal kidney

Moschos¹,

Güllmar²,

Fiedler³

et al. 2017

Birth Defect

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Objective: Determine whether amniotic fluid volume (AFV) determination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be compared with ultrasound based amniotic fluid index (AFI) and whether diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of the fetal kidneys can be used as surrogate marker for the assessment of AFV and fetal kidney function. Methods:In the period from August 2013 to September 2014 prospective evaluation of AFV based on TRUFI MRI in 2 spatial planes (AFVMRI) and ultrasound based AFI. Inclusion criteria for the evaluation were: 1) Full image of the fetus (including AF and placenta) in an MR-study in at least two planes (sagittal and coronal), 2) Layer thickness 8 mm, 3) DWI-images of the fetal kidney in two planes (sagittal and transverse to the fetus). ROI analysis of the ADC values in normal kidneys and in pathological fetal kidneys (CAKUT) as well as the correlation of AFVMRI vs. AFI, renal volume and ADC were performed. Results:The correlation between AFI (13.60 ± 2.46 cm) and AFVMRI (579 ± 353 mL) was 0.69 (p=0.03). There was no significant correlation between AFVMRI and kidney volume, between AFVMRI and ADC700 and ADC800. The B700-ADC values of fetuses with CAKUT (n=14) were considerably higher than the values in fetuses with healthy kidneys. Conclusion:Compared to AFI, AFVMRI showed higher accuracy, but was associated with higher time consumption. Thus it cannot be routinely recommended for the purpose of AFV-determination alone. MRI can be used to establish a relationship between kidney diffusion parameters, renal volume, GA and AFV in fetuses with CAKUT.

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“…Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) is a noninvasive, versatile, safe and reliable technique for evaluating renal tissue oxygenation without exposure to radiation or exogenous contrast agents [7-10], and so this examination can be repeated several times without concern about side effects. It also has a high spatial resolution, making it possible to detect functional changes that have had occurred before the pathological damage of renal tissue and to reflect kidney oxygenation quantitatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis for Evaluating Renal Oxygenation

Chen

Sun

2018

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) has recently been utilized as a noninvasive tool for evaluating renal oxygenation. Several methods have been proposed for analyzing BOLD images. Regional ROI selection is the earliest and most widely used method for BOLD analysis. In the last 20 years, many investigators have used this method to evaluate cortical and medullary oxygenation in patients with ischemic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury and renal allograft rejection. However, clinical trials of BOLD MRI using regional ROI selection revealed that it was difficult to distinguish the renal cortico-medullary zones with this method, and that it was susceptible to observer variability. To overcome these deficiencies, several new methods were proposed for analyzing BOLD images, including the compartmental approach, fractional hypoxia method, concentric objects (CO) method and twelve-layer concentric objects (TLCO) method. The compartmental approach provides an algorithm to judge whether the pixel belongs to the cortex or medulla. Fractional kidney hypoxia, measured by using BOLD MRI, was negatively correlated with renal blood flow, tissue perfusion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. The CO method divides the renal parenchyma into six or twelve layers of thickness in each coronal slice of BOLD images and provides a R2* radial profile curve. The slope of the R2* curve associated positively with eGFR in CKD patients. Indeed, each method invariably has advantages and disadvantages, and there is generally no consensus method so far. Undoubtedly, analytic approaches for BOLD MRI with better reproducibility would assist clinicians in monitoring the degree of kidney hypoxia and thus facilitating timely reversal of tissue hypoxia.

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Renal Relevant Radiology

Cited by 75 publications

References 50 publications

Current MRI techniques for the assessment of renal disease

Current MRI techniques for the assessment of renal disease

Comparison of amniotic fluid volumetry between fetal sonography and MRI - Correlation to MR diffusion parameters of the fetal kidney

Methods of Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis for Evaluating Renal Oxygenation

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