Renewable Cathode Materials from Biopolymer/Conjugated Polymer Interpenetrating Networks

Abstract

Renewable and cheap materials in electrodes could meet the need for low-cost, intermittent electrical energy storage in a renewable energy system if sufficient charge density is obtained. Brown liquor, the waste product from paper processing, contains lignin derivatives. Polymer cathodes can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole to polypyrrole in solutions of lignin derivatives. The quinone group in lignin is used for electron and proton storage and exchange during redox cycling, thus combining charge storage in lignin and polypyrrole in an interpenetrating polypyrrole/lignin composite.

Electrochemical study of Conducting Polymer/Lignin Composites

“…It is interesting to note that the composite peak exhibits a relatively broad in the reverse scan (II pc ) but reversible redox process which illustrates its electroactivity. As can be seen in Fig.4 This result indicating that the electrode process of POPDA is diffusion controlled, in agreement with the literature 16 .…”

“…Papers are dedicated to the lignin oxidation on different electrodes for the sake of the development of a voltammetric lignin analysis method such as adsorption on polycrystalline gold electrodes 13 , Lignosulfonate modified glassy carbon electrode 14 , polypyrrole/lignin composite [15][16] , chloroaniline/lignin 17 have been discussed. This paper reports the successful preparation of composites modified electrode on glassy carbon electrode surface (LG/GCE, AHNSA/GCE, POPDA/ GCE, and its composite (LG-co-AHNSA and LGco-OPDA) by repetitive CV scans, to improve the electrochemical behavior of the prepared modified electrode by Cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) techniques and characterize with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).…”

Kraft lignin and silica as precursors of advanced composite materials and electroactive blends

“…It is noteworthy that with an increased amount of KL in the composite the cyclic voltammograms show a continuous increase in a reversible redox couple at the mean-peak potential of ca. 0.15 V, which can be attributed to the lignin-derived quinone moieties [1,[33][34][35][36].…”

“…Similarly, lignins coming from various pulping processes have been shown to be applicable in electrochemical sensors owing to their residual quinone moieties, which are redox-and thus electroactive [33,34]. In order to intensify the chemical properties of lignins that make it suitable for electrochemical applications, various methods of combining these materials with electronic conductors (carbon nanotubes or conducting polymers) have been proposed [1,35,36].…”

“…The use of organic products of natural origin, including biomass in the broad sense of the word, is of particular interest [1]. A valuable and commonly used inorganic component of composites is silica.…”