Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development in Turkey

Abstract

Energy is an essential factor in overall efforts to achieve sustainable development. Countries striving to this end are seeking to reassess their energy systems with a view toward planning energy programs and strategies in line with sustainable development goals and objectives. Turkey's demand for energy and electricity is increasing rapidly. Since 1990, energy consumption has increased at an annual average rate of 4.3%. Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources that place a big burden on the economy and air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in the country. As would be expected, the rapid expansion of energy production and consumption has brought with it a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional and global levels. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey's carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions have grown along with its energy consumption. States have played a leading role in protecting the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. This article presents a review of the potential and utilization of the renewable energy sources in Turkey.

Current Status and Future Prospects of Renewable Energy Use in Turkey

“…The economics of biogas systems have been compared with traditional heating systems fuelled by wood, coal and wood mixture and dried animal waste in three different climatic regions in the country. The results provide evidence of the economic viability of biogas systems over the traditional space heating systems of rural Turkey in many instances (Comakli et al, 2008;Karagoz and Bakirci, 2010;Tasdemiroglu, 1991). Biogas, which is the anaerobic fermentation product of animal dung, has a potential between 2.2-3.9 billion m 3 per year, corresponding to 1-2 million tons provided that all dung is used for how likely in biogas production (Surmen, 2002).…”

“…Several studies concerning the development and use of domestic energy sources in Turkey have been performed (Balat, 2009b;Bascetincelik et al, 2009;Comakli et al, 2008;Erdem, 2010;Kömürcü and Akpinar, 2010;Kurban and Hocaoglu, 2010;Uslu, 2010;Yilmaz and Atak, 2010;Yuksel, 2008a;2008b). This paper reviews the current status of renewable energy sources, assesses their potential to contribute to Turkey's energy demand, and examines the future prospects.…”

A Study of Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation in the Province of Adana in Turkey

“…As in Europe, Turkey also plans to reduce fossil fuel consumption and aims to increase the usage of renewable energy. Intensive researches are being done about the efficient and economical utilization of solar energy all over the world, as well as in Turkey (Ashhab et al, 2013;Pavlovic´ et al, 2013;Zhang and He, 2013;Verhees et al, 2013;Kaygusuz, 2004;Demirbas, 2006;Khodayar et al, 2008;Comakli et al, 2008;Balat, 2005;Kirtay, 2010;Mathew et al, 2013;Adaramola et al, 2012;Balat, 2004).…”

Energy Analysis for Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed Oil

“…Careless use of energy resources and their scarcity, resulting unwanted side effects, so energy consumption must be planned and evaluated carefully and accurately. Comprehensive researches have been conducted by several authors regarding to the assessment of production and utilization of fossil and renewable energy sources in Turkey (Balat, 2004a;2004b;2005a;2005b;2005c;2005d;Balat et al, 2004;Bakıs,, 2005;Bascetincelik et al, 2009a;2009b;Bertay et al, 2004;Comaklı et al, 2008;Demirbas, 2002b;Demirbas and Bakıs,, 2003;Dursun and Gokcol, 2012;Ekinci et al, 2010;Erdem, 2010;Gucbilmez et al, 2010;Kasap and Duman, 2013;Kaygusuz, 2001;2002;Kiliç, 2005;Kiliç and Kiliç, 2006;Kırtay, 2010;Konak and Pamukcu, 2006;Ozturk and Bascetincelik, 2006;Pamukcu and Konak, 2006;Vardar and Cetin, 2007;Yılmaz, 2006a;Yüksel, 2006;.…”