Renewable fuel options for aviation – A System-Wide comparison of Drop-In and non Drop-In fuel options

Quante, Gunnar; Bullerdiek, Nils; Bube, Stefan; Neuling, Ulf; Kaltschmitt, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126269

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…One option for reducing GHG emissions in commercial aviation is to replace the currently used fossil-based fuel kerosene with an energy carrier that is chemically unequal to the fossil energy-based fuel (i.e., “non-drop in”) or a chemically equal energy carrier (i.e., “drop in”)provided from renewable resources Non-drop in fuels, such as hydrogen, alcohols, or even electrically powered aircraft, show a high potential; besides the avoidance of greenhouse gases (GHG), they also contribute to the reduction of non-CO 2 effects (e.g., contrails and soot emissions). − These benefits can be exploited at the expense of the requirement of large infrastructural and technical changes both within the aircraft and within the operating vicinity Drop-in fuels, also known as sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), can be used based on the current fuel infrastructure due to their chemical similarity to fossil energy-based kerosene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-drop in fuels, such as hydrogen, alcohols, or even electrically powered aircraft, show a high potential; besides the avoidance of greenhouse gases (GHG), they also contribute to the reduction of non-CO 2 effects (e.g., contrails and soot emissions). − These benefits can be exploited at the expense of the requirement of large infrastructural and technical changes both within the aircraft and within the operating vicinity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Biomass- and Electricity-Based Kerosene Production─A Techno-Economic Analysis

Voß,

Bube,

Kaltschmitt

2024

Energy Fuels

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Substitution of fossil kerosene with sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is a key instrument for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the aviation industry and achieving the sector’s climate targets. Today, purely biomass- or electricity-based SAF production pathways are discussed. However, combining both approaches offers potential advantages, especially in terms of carbon utilization and product maximization. Thus, the goal of this paper is to carry out a techno-economic analysis of two hybrid processes that combine both biomass- and electricity-based production processes and can thus directly utilize the CO2 off-gas that inevitably occurs in the biomass-based process. The investigated process pathways are characterized by the biogenic intermediates being ethanol and biogas. The respective pathways are analyzed and compared in terms of technical (carbon and energy efficiency) and economic (kerosene production costs) indicators based on steady-state process simulation. These investigations show that although the process using ethanol is more efficient in terms of carbon utilization, it has a higher specific energy requirement for the target product kerosene than the biogas-based process. In both processes, the carbon and energy efficiency are below 30%, partly due to the unused carbon and energy of the solid residue, which cannot be biochemically converted. Despite the differences in process technology, both processes can achieve approximately the same kerosene production costs of 2775 €2022/tKero. The addition of the electricity-based process results in significantly increasing production costs resulting from the investments in electrolyzers and the cost of renewable electricity. However, carbon efficiency and product generation can be increased by 13% points in terms of total hydrocarbon production compared to those of a purely biomass-based production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Biomass- and Electricity-Based Kerosene Production─A Techno-Economic Analysis

Voß,

Bube,

Kaltschmitt

2024

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

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“…SAF refers to a group of non-petroleum-based fuels (including renewable sourced fuel from non-biogenic precursors), which can include biofuels and synthetic fuels, developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation industry. 12 Aviation fuels could be drop-in or non-drop-in fuels. Drop-in aviation fuels are alternative fuels that can be used as direct replacements for conventional jet fuel (typically Jet A or Jet A-1) without requiring any modification to the aircraft engines or fuel infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drop-in aviation fuels are alternative fuels that can be used as direct replacements for conventional jet fuel (typically Jet A or Jet A-1) without requiring any modification to the aircraft engines or fuel infrastructure. 12 These fuels have similar chemical and physical properties to conventional jet fuel and can be blended with it, allowing for seamless integration into existing systems. SAFs that meet certain specifications can be considered drop-in fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria decision analysis for the evaluation and screening of sustainable aviation fuel production pathways

Okolie,

Awotoye,

Tabat

et al. 2023

iScience

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“…In particular, the development of ultra-efficient thermal propulsion systems is critical for effectively transitioning to low- or zero-emission energy sources. The latter include synthetic fuels and non-drop-in fuels, 1,2 i.e., fuels that cannot be directly incorporated into existing airport infrastructures and aircraft fueling systems, such as hydrogen. Regarding the employment of hydrogen, the envisaged roadmap should overcome numerous challenges at the engine level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty quantification analysis of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of spray swirling jets undergoing vortex breakdown

Liberatori

Galassi

Valorani

et al. 2023

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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The computational fluid dynamics-based design of next-generation aeronautical combustion chambers is challenging due to many geometrical and operational parameters to be optimized and several sources of uncertainty that arise from numerical modeling. The present work highlights the potential benefits of exploiting Bayesian uncertainty quantification at the preliminary design stage. A prototypical configuration of an acetone/air spray swirling jet is investigated through an Eulerian–Lagrangian method under non-reactive conditions. Two direct numerical simulations (DNSs) provide reference data, coping with different vortex breakdown states. Consequently, a set of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations is conducted. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is adopted to propagate the uncertainty associated with the spray dispersion model and the turbulent Schmidt number, delivering confidence intervals and the sensitivity of the output variance to each uncertain input. Consequently, the most significant sources of modeling uncertainty may be identified and eventually removed via a calibration procedure, thus making it possible to carry out a combustion chamber optimization process that is no longer affected by numerical biases. The uncertainty quantification analysis in the current study demonstrates that the spray dispersion model slightly affects the fuel vapor spatial distribution under vortex breakdown flow conditions, compared with the output variance induced by the selection of the turbulent Schmidt number. As a result, additional high-fidelity experimental and numerical campaigns should exclusively address the development of an ad hoc model characterizing the spatial distribution of the latter in the presence of vortex breakdown phenomenology, discarding any effort to improve the spray dispersion formulation.

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Renewable fuel options for aviation – A System-Wide comparison of Drop-In and non Drop-In fuel options

Cited by 31 publications

References 62 publications

Hybrid Biomass- and Electricity-Based Kerosene Production─A Techno-Economic Analysis

Hybrid Biomass- and Electricity-Based Kerosene Production─A Techno-Economic Analysis

Multi-criteria decision analysis for the evaluation and screening of sustainable aviation fuel production pathways

Uncertainty quantification analysis of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of spray swirling jets undergoing vortex breakdown

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