Renewable lignin-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant and smoke suppression

Wu, Kun; Xu, Sheng; Tian, Xian-Yao; Zeng, Hong‐Yan; Hu, Jie; Guo, Yi-Hui; Jian, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.148

Cited by 90 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In our previous work, sodium lignosulfonate surfacemodified LDH as a FR for PP exhibited excellent dispersion and superior flame retardancy. 34 Thus, improving the flame retardancy and dispersion of LDH through surface modification with substances that possess superior FR properties is a bright way to develop high-performance polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide by Phosphonitrilic Chloride Trimer and Aniline for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Owing to the poor dispersion of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in a polypropylene (PP) matrix and its own flameretardant efficiency being finite, the development of high-performance PP/LDH-based composites is still a tremendous challenge. To improve the dispersion of LDH and its inherent flame retardancy, phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (HCCP) was grafted onto the surface of LDH through the bridging effect of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and then further modified with aniline to replace the chlorine element in HCCP, so a flame-retardant (LDH@HA) was successfully synthesized. The flame retardancy and smoke suppression of LDH@HA with PP composites (PP/LDH@HA) were tested with the limit oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimetry tests. With a loading of 20 wt % LDH@HA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke rate of PP/ LDH@HA composites were 300.1 kW•m −2 , 57.7 MJ•m −2 , and 697.5 m 2 •m −2 , respectively, which were decreased by 64.4, 46.4, and 49.1% in comparison to those of PP, and the LOI value of PP/LDH@HA reached 30.6% and achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. The improvements in flame retardancy and smoke suppression were due mainly to the physical barrier effect of LDH and the catalytic carbonization effect of HCCP together with the nonflammable gases formed by the decomposition of aniline, which diluted the combustible gas concentration. Compared with PP/LDH, the optimization of the mechanical properties of composites was due mainly to the introduction of HCCP and aniline, which significantly enhanced the compatibility between LDH and PP and promoted the uniform distribution of LDH in the PP matrix. In conclusion, LDH@HA has low cost, easy fabrication, and an excellent smoke suppression effect, and the strategy provides a specific idea for the preparation of fire-resistant PP composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide by Phosphonitrilic Chloride Trimer and Aniline for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Klapiszewski et al studied the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the polypropylene (PP)/silica–lignin composites; the results showed that with the incorporation of silica, these properties were improved [ 15 ]. Materials based on lignin or TiO 2 and polypropylene with good flame retardant properties have been reported separately in the literature [ 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the flame-retardant behavior of a composite based on PP, lignin, and TiO 2 produced by melt-mixing extrusion, since this method can produce homogeneous dispersion and is considered ecologically and economically viable for the production of large volumes of production at the industrial level [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Flame-Retardant Composites Based on PP/TiO2/Lignin Obtained by Melt-Mixing Extrusion

Andrade-Guel¹,

Cabello-Alvarado

Orta³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Nowadays, highly flammable and harmful plastic materials are used in many daily applications. To prevent burning of materials, other harmful molecules or materials that are not environmentally friendly are added to plastics. To overcome this environmental issue, new materials have been investigated. Lignin, an industrial by-product, is an abundant biopolymer that can be used in fire safety plastics; it is considered a renewable and readily available resource. In this work, PP–TiO2/lignin composites were obtained with TiO2/lignin mixtures through the melt extrusion process, with different weight percentages of nanoparticles (10, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%). The PP–TiO2/lignin composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests and the mechanical properties were evaluated. Cone calorimetry tests revealed that the introduction of 25 wt.% TiO2–lignin to the PP matrix reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 34.37% and 35.45%, respectively. The flame retardancy index (FRI) values of the composites were greater than 1.0 and were classified as good; the highest value of 1.93 was obtained in the PP-30 sample. The tensile tests demonstrated that the flexural modulus of the composites increased gradually with increasing lignin and TiO2 content, and the flexural strength decreased slightly. The use of lignin in PP composites can be an excellent alternative to synthesize new materials with improved flame-retardant properties and which is friendly to the environment.

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“…Therefore, in recent years, polymer/LDH nanocomposites have received extensive attention due to their excellent and environmentally friendly flame-retardant properties. LDHs have been shown to effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardant properties of many polymers, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) [ 10 ], polyethylene (PE) [ 12 ], polypropylene (PP) [ 13 , 14 ], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) [ 15 ], et cetera (see, for example [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]). Zhang et al [ 19 ] fabricated a new LDH-based flame retardant (LDH-PCD) by a co-precipitation method, which enhanced the fire resistance and smoke-suppression properties of polypropylene (PP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxide/Silica Aerogel Composite and Its Thermal Safety Characteristics

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Gels

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To adjust the thermal safety of hydrophobic silica aerogel, layered double hydroxide (LDH)/silica aerogel (SA) composites were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process at ambient pressure. This study found the physical combination of SA and MgAl-LDH based on the FTIR spectra and phase composition of LDH/SA. The N2 sorption analysis confirms that the introduction of MgAl-LDH does not change the mesoporous attribution of LDH/SA significantly. With the increase in MgAl-LDH addictive content, the low density (0.12–0.13 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (24.28–26.38 mW/m/K), and large specific surface area (730.7–903.7 m2g) of LDH/SA are still maintained, which can satisfy the requirements of thermal insulation. The TG-DSC analysis demonstrates that the endothermic effects and metal oxides formed during the MgAl-LDH decomposition are beneficial to the improvement of the thermal stability of LDH/SA composites. In addition, it was found that the gross calorific values of LDH/SA composites decrease with an increase in MgAl-LDH addictive content, all of which are lower than that of the pure SA. The research outcomes indicate that the thermal safety of LDH/SA composites is enhanced significantly by doping MgAl-LDH without impairing too many of the excellent properties, which benefits their expansion in the thermal insulation field.

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Renewable lignin-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant and smoke suppression

Cited by 90 publications

References 54 publications

Dual Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide by Phosphonitrilic Chloride Trimer and Aniline for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene

Dual Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide by Phosphonitrilic Chloride Trimer and Aniline for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene

Green Flame-Retardant Composites Based on PP/TiO2/Lignin Obtained by Melt-Mixing Extrusion

In-Situ Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxide/Silica Aerogel Composite and Its Thermal Safety Characteristics

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