Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology

Abstract

Title: Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology. Some comments that still need a modification are given as follows.R/ Thank you for your comments. Enclosed we will answer each one of them. Please avoid abbreviation in Abstract. R/ We removed abbreviations in the abstract as follows:"Global offshore wind technology shows increasing progress evidenced in the recent reports of wind power capacity, expectations of market expansion and international research projects. Colombia is privileged with several types of natural resources (e.g. wind, sun, water) but there is not a clear legal context to regulate sustainable and safe exploitation of the offshore wind energy considered nonconventional. The development of offshore wind technology in Colombia could attend the energy demand when the hydroelectric system presents low electricity generation during dry hydrological conditions and El Niño -South Oscillations events. This paper analyses international actions that have motivated different countries to establish strategies to reduce CO2, and their advances and challenges in implementing offshore wind technology. The review of the administrative framework of renewable energy in Colombia proved the lack of information for implementing offshore wind technology. Furthermore, the analysis of several studies of marine energies showed the need to increase the knowledge of offshore wind energy. The local applying projects to generate electricity from non-conventional renewable energies are not considering offshore wind energy projects. Hence, this research analyzed wind speed and calculated wind power density at different height levels, what evidenced magnitudes and positive trends what justify to increase the research in offshore wind energy in Colombia. As a result, the present document compiles technical, economic, administrative and legal information of the renewable energies in Colombia that may be used for taking decisions of different stakeholders and evidences the potential implementing offshore wind farms in areas near to the Colombian Caribbean coast. Colombia has great resources to implement offshore wind energy technologies, reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and substituting other systems when they cannot guarantee the energy offer."  A Literature Section needs to be included in the writing before RM section. You need to differ between literature analysis and your study analysis. In the LR section, you need to deeply analyse previous related studies and reveal the knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in the literature, then relate them to the objective of your study. The results analysis and discussion are presented after the methodology section.R/ Thank you for the suggestion. As we commented in the Revision #1, the methodology that we exposed for the manuscript (RM section), to be considered as a Review Article and also a Research article itself, is to describe the way how we collected and presented data in each section. Therefore, the manuscript is arranged accordin...

Wind and power density data of strategic offshore locations in the Colombian Caribbean coast

“…The data source location of the four strategic sites in the north region of Colombia [1] with high wind and power densities are shown in Fig. 1.

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Management of investment process in alternative energy projects

“…According to the study, the pace of projects development in the field of alternative energy throughout the world is quite high due to the following factors: institutional (more than half of the countries of the world have developed legal acts regulating certain aspects of regulation in this sphere) and investment (growth of investments in this direction). The work analyzes activity in renewable energy sources in some countries [4,6,7,9], which allows finding basic barriers for investments raise in this sphere and elaborating regions investment attractiveness raise mechanism for such projects realization. Energy based on renewable energy sources in Russia develops mainly in three areas: solar energy, wind power and small hydropower.…”

“…Currently, using traditional methods of obtaining energy is more commercially effective. To implement alternative energy projects, large amounts of investment are required, but in most cases "green" business models and projects are high-risk [6]. The main barriers to increasing investment in alternative energy projects include [7,8]:…”

Renewable Energy and Material Supply Risks: a Predictive Analysis Based on An LSTM Model

“…Many renewable energy prediction studies began in 2000 (Tsai et al, 2017). Because of the uncertainty of renewable energy (Notton et al, 2018), the perspective of its prediction is diversified, which prompts each study to selectively consider different factors in its prediction, such as traditional energy (Nadimi and Tokimatsu, 2017), nuclear energy (Kok and Benli, 2017), policy (Black et al, 2014), installed capacity (Zhou et al, 2018), technology (Ruedabayona et al, 2019), and economy (Ozcan and Ozturk, 2019). Therefore, it is very difficult to accurately summarize and classify existing studies, but summarizing and reviewing existing studies is helpful to highlight the characteristics of this study.…”