Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system dysregulation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection

John, Thadathilankal-Jess; John, Kiran

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa423

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We observed that some researchers interpreted that the use of ACEI/ARB in COVID-19 disease, and the upregulation ACE2 mRNA expression (using ACEI/ARB) levels found by Ferrario et al [42••], attributed a protective role that could reduce lung injury by leading away from Ang II (which is responsible for lung injury) to the pathway ACE2-Ang (1-7) [51,56]. For the benefit of those who may have missed the point, we wish to reiterate that Ferrario et al carried out their research in normal rats, which were not hypertensive, or having other cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus or malignancies, nor were they being treated with either ACEIs or ARBs for any of the said abnormalities.…”

Section: Effects Of Animal Models On Sars-cov-2 Infection In Humansmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Renin-Angiotensin System, Hypertension, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review

2021

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Purpose of Review This review focuses on the associations between the renin-angiotensin system, hypertension, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV-2) infection. A brief prelude on the current state of affairs with COVID-19 is given. In addition to an overview of ACE2, Ang II, and Ang (1-7), this review presents a brief statement on hypertension, including the function of enzymes involved in the control of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and other malignancies. Recent Findings There is currently no data in support of the concerns raised with the use of ACEIs/ARBs. Many researchers have voiced concerns that the use of ACEIs and ARBs may increase tissue ACE2 levels. These researchers therefore recommend that individuals on ACEIs/ARB's medications withhold such antihypertensive drugs, unless advised by their physicians to do so. Summary SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 receptors as the port of entry to human hosts. ACE2 and ACE are different enzymes and ACE inhibitors do not inhibit ACE2. Therefore, the use of ARB's or ACEIs should not be discontinued if an individual is infected by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of ACEIs and ARBs on ACE2 expression and COVID-19. Keywords Renin-angiotensin system . Hypertension . SARS-COV-2 . Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors . Angiotensin II This article is part of the Topical Collection on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Management * Jagidesa Moodley

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Section: Effects Of Animal Models On Sars-cov-2 Infection In Humansmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Renin-Angiotensin System, Hypertension, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review

2021

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“…Zhang et al found that the mortality of COVID-19 sufferers treated with ACEIs/ARBs was much lower than those treated without ACEIs/ARBs [117]. Several clinical trials have also demonstrated that the up-regulation ACE2 expression levels induced by ARBs and ACEIs are supposed to reduce lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection presumably via decreasing ACE-derived Ang II [118,119]. While several organizations have issued statements advising the continuation of treatment of COVID-19 with ACEIs/ARBs, more large-scale clinical studies are still warranted to elucidate whether it could be associated with other unknown damages to the human body [120].…”

Section: Aceis/arbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response and potential therapeutic strategies for the SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 pandemic

Li¹,

Zhang²,

He³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Following onset of the first recorded case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 269 million cases and over 5.3 million deaths have been confirmed worldwide. COVID-19 is a highly infectious pneumonia, caused by a novel virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, it poses a severe threat to human health across the globe, a trend that is likely to persist in the foreseeable future. This paper reviews SARS-CoV-2 immunity, the latest development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs as well as exploring in detail, immune escape induced by SARS-CoV-2. We expect that the findings will provide a basis for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

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“…However, the virus has also been shown to affect the ocular system ( Wu et al, 2020 ), the gastrointestinal system ( Redd et al, 2020 ), the musculoskeletal system ( Cipollaro et al, 2020 ), the skin ( Casas et al, 2020 ), and the cardiovascular system ( Nishiga et al, 2020 ). There are numerous pathological mechanisms that are potentially involved in these forms of injury, including direct viral toxicity ( Gupta et al, 2020 ), immune dysregulation ( Acharya et al, 2020 ), endothelial derangement ( Nizzoli et al, 2020 ), and an imbalance in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system ( John et al, 2020 ). Given the complexity of the mechanisms involved, it is vital that we develop novel therapies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that are novel, safe and effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%