Repair of articular cartilage defect using adipose‐derived stem cell‐loaded scaffold derived from native cartilage extracellular matrix

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as the seed cells of cartilage tissue engineering. ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue that was harvested under sterile conditions from the inguen fold of porcines and cultured in vitro. Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) scaffolds of pigs were then constructed. Moreover, inflammatory cells, as well as cellular and humoral immune responses, were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining staining, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot analysis. The results showed that the cartilage complex constructed by ADSCs and ACECM through tissue engineering successfully repaired the cartilage defect of the pig knee joint. The in vivo repair experiment showed no significant difference between chondrocytes, ADSCs, and induced ADSCs, indicating that ADSCs do not require in vitro induction and have the potential for chondrogenic differentiation in the environment around the knee joint. In addition, pig-derived acellular cartilage scaffolds possess no obvious immune inflammatory response when used in xenotransplantation. ADSCs may serve as viable seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Adipose-derived stem cell-based optimization strategies for musculoskeletal regeneration: recent advances and perspectives

“…The composite scaffold improved cell proliferation and enhanced the chondrogenic-like differentiation of ADSCs. In addition, studies have revealed the beneficial effects of an injectable hydrogel consisting of glycol chitosan/dibenzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol [ 119 ] or acellular cartilage ECM scaffolds [ 120 ] combined with ADSCs on cartilage tissue repair and regeneration.…”

An Update on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Where Challenge Meets Opportunity

“…Likewise, another study by Lu et al proved the effectiveness of ADSC-ACECM composites for repairing cartilage defects, showing the promising prospects of this tissueengineered biomaterial (Figure 9B). [176] A clinical trial conducted by Lee et al evaluated the efficacy and safety of intra-articular ADSC injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Autologous ADSCs were administered intraarticularly to 12 patients with knee osteoarthritis.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [176] Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons. improvement and pain relief were observed in all treatment groups, whereas statistical significance was identified only in patients treated with a low dose.…”

“…B) General joint observations (left) and longitudinal section (right) of the cartilage regeneration at 3 months after surgery. Reproduced with permission [176]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Updates on mesenchymal stem cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration in large animal models

“…Numerous studies support that autologous, allogenic, and xenogenic human MSC administration bolsters osteochondral reconstitution in pigs. Porcine aMSCs seeded onto decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DCECM) performed similarly to chondrocytes regarding histological chondral defect regeneration ( Lu L. et al, 2021 ). Scaffold-free implantation of porcine bMSCs and aMSCs at 5–30 million cells per defect, respectively, also improved cartilage histological and MRI score compared to nontreatment ( Yamasaki et al, 2019 ; Theruvath et al, 2021 ).…”