Repair of orbital bone defects in canines using grafts of enriched autologous bone marrow stromal cells

Abstract

BackgroudBone tissue engineering is a new approach for the repair of orbital defects. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of tissue-engineered bone constructed using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were rapidly isolated and concentrated from bone marrow (BM) by the red cell lysis method, then combined with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to create grafts used to restore orbital bone defects in canines.MethodsIn the experimental group, grafts were constructed using BMSCs obtained by red cell lysis from 20 ml bone marrow, combined with β-TCP and BM via the custom-made stem cell-scaffold device, then used to repair 10 mm diameter medial orbital wall bony defects in canines. Results were compared with those in groups grafted with BM/β-TCP or β-TCP alone, or with defects left untreated as controls. The enrichment of BMSCs and nucleated cells (NCs) in the graft was calculated from the number in untreated bone marrow and in suspensions after red cell lysis. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were performed 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after implantation in all groups. Gross examination, micro-CT and histological measurements were performed 24 weeks after surgery. The results were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of bone repair.ResultsThe number of NCs and of colony-forming units within the scaffolds were increased 54.8 times and 53.4 times, respectively, compared with untreated bone marrow. In the BMSC-BM/β-TCP group, CT examination revealed that the scaffolds were gradually absorbed and the bony defects were restored. Micro-CT and histological examination confirmed that the implantations led to good repair of the defects, with 6 out 8 orbital defects completely restored in the experimental group, while by contrast, the grafts in the control groups did not fully repair the bony defects, a difference which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTissue-engineered bone, constructed using BMSCs isolated by red cell lysis of BM, can restore critical-sized orbital wall defects in canines.

Comparative characteristic study from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…Another BM-MSCs application has been shown in a canine orbital wall defect model. After 24 wk, successful bone repair of an orbital wall bone defect was achieved by seeding an autologous canine BM-MSCs onto ß-tricalcium phosphate scaffold for in vivo implantation [ 89 90 ]. Success was also achieved in a canine segmental bone defect model [ 91 92 93 ].…”

The Use of Functional Biomaterials in Aesthetic and Functional Restoration in Orbital Surgery

“…Notably, the BMSC-BM/β-TCP group exhibited notable cell concentration within the graft, with sequential CT scans illustrating the gradual absorption of scaffolds and subsequent restoration of the defect. Detailed micro-CT and histological examinations confirmed the efficacy of defect repair within the experimental group, surpassing the outcomes observed in the control groups [117]. In another investigation, Deng and his team examined miR-31 genetically modified BMSCs combined with porous β-TCP scaffolds for repairing canine medial orbital wall defects (approximately 10 mm in diameter).…”

“…In tissue engineering, BMPs have emerged as vital players, especially when combined with other biomaterials for sustained release, to promote bone growth. Commercially available carriers for these BMPs have shown effectiveness in orthopedics but require further trials in orbital applications [117]. There are also concerns about their efficacy in orbital repair and potential complications associated with commercially available carriers like INFUSE [115].…”

Mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue engineering for veterinary practice

“…In this study, a combination of autologous cBM-MSCs and canine bone marrow (cBM) aspirate is seeded onto β-TCP scaffolds. After 24 weeks, a successful bone repair of orbital wall bone defects is observed compared with β-TCP scaffold and blank control (Wang et al., 2014).…”