Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells in polycaprolactone fibrous scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma

Abstract

Introduction: Tissue regenerative medicine strategies, as a promising alternative has become of major interest to the reconstruction of critical size bone defects. This study evaluated the effects of the simultaneous application of polycaprolactone (PCL), amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the repair of rat cranial bone defects. Methods: The AF-MSCs were isolated at the end of the second week of pregnancy in rats. PRP obtained from rat blood and the random PCL fibrous scaffolds were prepared using the electrospinning method. Circular full thickness (5 mm) bone defects were developed on both sides of the parietal bones (animal number=24) and the scaffolds containing AF-MSCs and PRP were implanted in the right lesions. Thereafter, after eight weeks the histological and immunohistochemistry studies were performed to evaluate the bone formation and collagen type I expression. Results: The spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and the electron microscope images indicated the preparation of a random PCL scaffold. Immunohistochemical findings showed that collagen type I was expressed by AF-MSCs cultured on the scaffold. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining indicated the formation of blood vessels in the presence of PRP. Additionally, immunofluorescence findings suggested that PRP had a positive effect on collagen type I expression. Conclusion: The simultaneous application of fibrous scaffold + AF-MSCs + PRP has positive effects on bone regeneration. This study showed that PRP can affect the formation of new blood vessels in the scaffold transplanted in the bone defect.

The impact of acemannan, an extracted product from Aloe vera, on proliferation of dental pulp stem cells and healing of mandibular defects in rabbits

“…As bone reconstruction with a proper quality and quantity for dental implant replacement in the alveolar ridge has been a challenge in dentistry, DPSCs can be a perspective in bone reconstruction and to reduce the necessity of autogenous bone grafts and the donor site morbidity [28]. Various sources of stem cells have been successfully used in repair of bone defects including bone marrow [29], adipose tissue [3], amniotic fluid [30], and dental pulp [28]. It was shown that combining osteogenic, angiogenesis and gene transfection factors, and biocompatible scaffolds as elements of bone tissue engineering can enhance the bone regeneration potential of DPSCs [28]; because DPSCs have self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities, a high proliferation potential and clonogenic efficacy.…”

The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Amniotic-Fluid-Derived Stem Cells

“…However, despite these promising characteristics, in the international literature, only two works have investigated the association of AFSCs and PRP on tissue regeneration. Both authors used AFSCs premixed with PRP to restore bone defects in rats, showing encouraging results as compared to those of the control groups [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Construction of artificial periosteum with methacrylamide gelatin hydrogel-wharton's jelly based on stem cell recruitment and its application in bone tissue engineering

“…Intraperitoneal injection of 3% pentobarbital sodium was used for anesthesia. After skin preparation on top of the skull, the unilateral skull was completely exposed, and a round full-thickness defect with a diameter of 5 ​mm was formed by a drill bit with an outer diameter of 5.5 ​mm [ 20 , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] ]. Membranes with 4 ​h of rehydration were used to cover the defect area and then sutured.…”