Repeated Acute Stress Alters Heart Morphometry in Male and Female Rats Differently

Elliott, Brenda M; Faraday, Martha M.; Grunberg, Neil E.

doi:10.1080/1025389021000053344

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Male SpragueDawley rats exposed to daily 20 minute sessions of restraint for 14 consecutive days had decreased heart length, decreased left ventricle cavity width, and increased septal wall thickness. Restraint stress decreased total heart blood volume in female Sprague-Dawley rats (Elliott, Faraday, & Grunberg, 2003).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The experimental time line used during the acclimation and baseline period was based on previous studies in this laboratory in which these behavioral measures were used Cook, 2001;Faraday & Grunberg, 2000;Elliott & Grunberg, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size was determined based on previous reports using similar dependent measures and responses to environmental enrichment and stress. Studies in the research literature reported statistically significant effects from cell sizes of 7 -12 animals for enrichment (e.g., Van Praag et al, 1999;Passineau et al, 2001;Elliott & Grunberg, 2003) and 9 -11 animals for stress effects (Schrijver et al, 2002;Faraday, 2002).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Determination Of Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Challenges to an organism's survival can produce biological responses that range from activation of neurotransmitter systems involved in the HPA axis to altering the growth and physiology of internal organs and organ systems (Kvetnansky, Weise, & Kopin, 1971;Keim & Siggs, 1876;Martijena, Cavlo, Vosolin, & Monlina, 1997;Raygada, Shaham, Nespor, Kant, & Grunberg, 1992;Pham, Soderstrom, Henriksson, & Mohammad, 1997;Bielajew, Konkle, & Merali 2002;Bauer, Perks, Lightman, & Shanks, 2001;Elliott, Faraday, & Grunberg, 2003). Activation of the HPA axis is one of the most recognized biological responses of stress (DeVries, Glasper, & Catillion, 2003 (Kant, Leu, Anderson, & Mougey, 1987;Brown & Grunberg, 1995;Bauer et al, 2001;Faraday, 2002;Bielajew, Konkle, & Merali 2002).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Rats"

Tomchesson¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThe original document contains color images. ABSTRACTThe present experiment examined effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral measures of locomotor activity, stress, and health in rats. Six measures (i.e., Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Light/Dark Box, Plasma Corticosterone, Food Consumption, and Body Weight) were used to examine the effects of enrichment and stress on 48 male, adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats that were placed in an enriched or non-enriched environment for a total of 24 days. Compared with rats housed in non-enriched environments, rats that were housed in enriched environments: (1) decreased activity and increased habituation in a novel environment; (2) ate less food and had less body weight gain (6% on average). The results regarding stress responses were inconclusive. These findings and future research investigating the effect of environmental enrichment to slow the rate of weight gain are discussed. Compared with rats housed in non-enriched environments, rats that were housed in enriched environments: (1) decreased activity and increased habituation in a novel environment; (2) ate less food and had less body weight gain (6% on average). The results regarding stress responses were inconclusive. These findings and future research investigating the effect of environmental enrichment to slow the rate of weight gain are discussed.iv

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Section: Biological Effects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Determination Of Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Effects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

"The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Rats"

Tomchesson¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Finally, we also examined organ masses, as glucocorticoids may have both direct and indirect effects on organ size (Dong et al 2007;Shini et al 2009). High CORT values may be negatively associated with masses of metabolically or immunologically active organs (e.g., heart, brain, spleen, musculoskeletal system), potentially to compensate for increased metabolic demands typically seen as a result of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Elliott et al 2003;Shini et al 2009;Vahdatpour et al 2009). Moreover, organ sizes (particularly those of metabolically active organs) may correlate with the upper and lower limits of aerobic metabolism (Konarzewski and Diamond 1995;Javed et al 2010;Kolb et al 2010;Ksiazek and Konarzewski 2012) and voluntary exercise .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids, Aerobic Physiology, and Locomotor Behavior in California Mice

Dlugosz

Harris

Saltzman

et al. 2012

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The glucocorticoid hormones corticosterone (CORT) and cortisol influence numerous physiological, morphological, and behavioral functions. However, few studies have addressed possible relationships between individual differences in glucocorticoid concentrations and whole-animal performance or metabolism. Because CORT is important in glucose regulation and energy metabolism and can influence activity levels, we hypothesized that individual variation in baseline circulating CORT levels would correlate with individual differences in energy expenditure (routine and maximal), aerobic physiology, voluntary exercise on wheels, and organ masses. We tested this hypothesis in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). We collected data from 54 adult, colony-bred mice on baseline CORT levels (measured near both the circadian peak and the circadian trough), voluntary wheel running and its energetic costs, maximal oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise ([Formula: see text]), basal metabolic rate, and relative organ masses. We found surprisingly few statistically significant relationships among CORT, energy metabolism, behavior, and organ masses, and these relationships appeared to differ between males and females. These findings suggest that individual differences in baseline CORT levels are not an important determinant of voluntary activity levels or aerobic performance in California mice.

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Effects of Stress and Social Enrichment on Alcohol Intake, Biological and Psychological Stress Responses in Rats

Starosciak¹

2010

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Addiction and drug abuse are pervasive in society, and can result in illness, legal and financial trouble, and even death for dependent users. Licit substances, including alcohol, are widely available, easily obtainable, and relatively inexpensive. More than 75% of Americans have used alcohol at least once in their lifetime, and more than half of adults are current drinkers. Unlike most other drugs, alcohol may be health-promoting in low to moderate doses. vi Acknowledgements When I was in elementary school, I was accepted into the East Brunswick School District's Talented and Gifted (TAG) program, where the students were taken out of the normal classroom several times a week for an hour or two and allowed to work on special projects, learn advanced material, and interact with peers at the same scholastic level. As my mother loves to tell and retell, I was extremely distressed by the fact that I was missing my fifth grade science class to attend TAG classes. I begged her to let me quit and she did. My teachers were upset, my TAG teacher was upset, and the superintendent of schools was upset. Didn't I know I was being afforded an exceptional opportunity to develop and hone special academic skills? In my 10-year old mind, all I knew was that I always missed science class; I did not want to miss that class anymore! To this day, I am still the only student in East Brunswick to have dropped out of the TAG program (though I returned to the class the following year, when it was a separate class that did not overlap with other classes). At that time, my mother knew that science was the subject for me, and that I would succeed in science in the future. I believe that that experience was the first step in the many steps that brought me to where I am today. The last five years have been ruthless and enduring, but I am grateful for the many people who have helped me, guided me, supported me, pushed me, laughed with me, cried with me, and in some cases, carried me. First, I would like to thank the outstanding Uniformed Services University support staff in the Graduate Education Office and Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, as vii well as the faculty (especially Drs. Zygmunt Galdzicki and Denes Agoston for providing me with funding in the last year), staff and students of the Neuroscience Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology. I also thank the members of my doctoral dissertation committee (Drs. Greg Mueller, Maria Braga, Andrew Waters, and Lei Zhang) for their guidance throughout the many steps involved in the development and completion of my doctoral research. Through my various lab rotations and collaborations with different faculty members in the Neuroscience Program, I have learned many techniques and skills that have helped me to become a more well-rounded neuroscientist, but I am especially grateful to Dr. David Jacobowitz. It was an honor and a privilege to work with such a renowned neuroanatomist and neuropharmacologist. He was always extremely patient when teaching me new techniques, but nev...

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Repeated Acute Stress Alters Heart Morphometry in Male and Female Rats Differently

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

"The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Rats"

"The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Rats"

Glucocorticoids, Aerobic Physiology, and Locomotor Behavior in California Mice

Effects of Stress and Social Enrichment on Alcohol Intake, Biological and Psychological Stress Responses in Rats

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