2005
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.1.108
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Repeated Masked Category Primes Interfere With Related Exemplars: New Evidence for Negative Semantic Priming.

Abstract: In 4 experiments, the authors found evidence for negatively signed masked semantic priming effects (with category names as primes and exemplars as targets) using a new technique of presenting the masked primes. By rapidly interchanging prime and mask during the stimulus onset asynchrony, they increased the total prime exposure to a level comparable with that of a typical visible prime condition without increasing the number of participants having an awareness of the prime. The negative effect was observed for … Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(71 citation statements)
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“…At least in our experiments, evidence did not support the view of such direct interconnections among the various members of a category. This may be due to various reasons: Activation within a superordinate category may be distributed among too many channels, leading to a fan effect (Anderson, 1974), or the spread of activation may be confined to only the most dominant or prototypical exemplars of a category (e.g., Rosch, 1978; but see Wentura & Frings, 2005).…”
Section: Summary Implications and Conclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At least in our experiments, evidence did not support the view of such direct interconnections among the various members of a category. This may be due to various reasons: Activation within a superordinate category may be distributed among too many channels, leading to a fan effect (Anderson, 1974), or the spread of activation may be confined to only the most dominant or prototypical exemplars of a category (e.g., Rosch, 1978; but see Wentura & Frings, 2005).…”
Section: Summary Implications and Conclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Masked priming studies typically use short duration primes (less than 70 msec) and usually result in small amounts of facilitation for categorically related prime-target pairs (see, e.g., Perea & Gotor, 1997). As noted by Wentura and Frings (2005), prime awareness and prime duration are confounded in masked priming studies. A longer-duration prime that is difficult to identify may be required to produce semantic interference.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…However, if activation throughout the network could somehow be increased, conceptual-level connections between related words could result in sustained activation-and, therefore, increased competition-at the lexical level. Wentura and Frings's (2005) task, which used long-duration but highly degraded primes, made prime processing very difficult. Because the rapid alternation of prime and mask created a flickering appearance and the target immediately followed the prime, participants could not rely on an exogenous cue to signal the onset of the target; they needed to pay close attention to the prime in order to ascertain when the target appeared.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…This attentional mechanism is invoked when a participant attempts to extract into consciousness the meaning of a prime and this meaning is hard to extract. Difficulty in achieving awareness of the prime's semantics could arise either because the prime is weakly activated, as with masked priming (Dagenbach et al, 1989;Frings et al, 2008;Stone & Valentine, 2007;Wentura & Frings, 2005), or because the meaning itself is weakly activated, as with newly learned vocabulary words or novel and arbitrary object categories (Dagenbach & Carr, 1994). The attentional mechanism boosts the degree of activation of the semantic code(s) representing the prime (i.e., the "centre"), and suppresses the degree of activation at other codes receiving some spreading activation from the prime (i.e., the "surround").…”
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confidence: 99%
“…1997; Wentura & Frings, 2005) and for novel objects (Dagenbach & Carr, 1994). Negative semantic priming can be explained by centre-surround theory, a brief description of which follows.…”
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confidence: 99%