Repeated recall of learned immunosuppression: Evidence from rats and men

Wirth, Timo; Ober, Kirstin; Prager, Geraldine; Vogelsang, Magdalene; Benson, Sven; Witzke, Oliver; Kribben, Andreas; Engler, Harald; Schedlowski, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.011

Cited by 44 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In terms of CR, all but 1 [19] of 5 studies on conditioned immunosuppression found a significant decrease in stimulated IL-2 in vitro release after evocation in the conditioned group versus the control group [20][21][22][23] .…”

Section: Cr Affecting Immune Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven of the 16 studies were aimed at conditioning of immune functions (69%) and 5 studies were aimed at conditioning of endocrine functions (31%). Concerning the studies on conditioning of immune functions, 5 studies addressed conditioned immunosuppression (31% of all studies) [19][20][21][22][23] , 3 studies addressed conditioned immunostimulation (19%) [24][25][26] , and 3 studies addressed conditioned allergic responses (19%) [9,27,28] . Of the studies on conditioning of endocrine outcomes, 4 (25%) addressed conditioned glycemic responses [29][30][31][32] and the remaining study addressed conditioned cortisol (6%) [33] .…”

Section: Conditioning Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants in 13 studies were healthy volunteers (81%) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][29][30][31][32][33] , whereas 3 studies (19%) included participants who were allergic to either pollen [27] or house dust mites [9,28] .…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the general conditioning paradigm, all but one [26] of the studies (94%) [9,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] employed a design with an acquisition phase, in which the UCS was repeatedly paired with the CS, and an evocation phase, in which the CS was presented together with a placebo. The remaining study on immunostimulation employed an intermittent treatment schedule in which the CS was consistently paired with the UCS in the first phase of the study (acquisition phase) and was administered intermittently with or without the UCS in the second phase of the study [26] .…”

Section: Conditioning Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditioning Immune and Endocrine Parameters in Humans: A Systematic Review

Tekampe

Middendorp

Meeuwis

et al. 2017

Psychother Psychosom

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The final selection included 16 studies. Overall, those studies indicate that conditioning of immunosuppression, conditioning of allergic responses, and conditioning of insulin and glycemic responses is possible. Regarding immunostimulants, antiallergic effects, and cortisol conditioning, the preliminary results are promising, but additional studies are needed. Conclusions: This systematic review shows classical conditioning of immune and endocrine responses for various pharmaceutical substances. The studies reviewed here indicate that the number of acquisition and evocation sessions, and characteristics of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli, are important determinants of the effectiveness of pharmacological conditioning on immune and endocrine parameters. In the future, conditioned pharmacological effects may be used clinically as adjunct therapy in various patient populations. KeywordsPharmacological conditioning · Associative learning · Placebo effect · Placebo · Endocrine system · Immune system · Allergy Abstract Background: Conditioned pharmacological effects may provide relevant clinical opportunities to improve treatment for patients with a variety of conditions. The aim of this systematic review was to create an overview of studies in this field of research and to investigate whether specific characteristics of the study design make for successful conditioning. Methods: The protocol of this review was registered in Prospero (PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024148). A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, and PsychInfo. Studies were included if they were placebo-controlled trials in humans in which the effects of a pharmacological agent on immune or endocrine outcomes (e.g., interleukin-2 and cortisol) were conditioned, using a specific conditioned stimulus. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results:

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Section: Cr Affecting Immune Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditioning Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditioning Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conditioning Immune and Endocrine Parameters in Humans: A Systematic Review

Tekampe

Middendorp

Meeuwis

et al. 2017

Psychother Psychosom

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accordingly, the placebo effect and its opposite nocebo effect, can be defined as the neurobiological modifications that occur in the patient's brain after the simulation of a therapy [1**]. Remarkable placebo effects have been shown in several conditions, such as pain [2*-4], itch [5], Parkinson's disease [6][7][8][9], depression [10][11], anxiety [12][13], immune functions [14][15][16][17], motor performance [18][19][20], asthma [21**].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%