Repeated ruminal dosing of Ruminococcus spp. does not result in persistence, but changes in other microbial populations occur that can be measured with quantitative 16S-rRNA-based probes

Krause, Denis O.; Bunch, R. J.; Conlan, L. L.; Kennedy, P. M.; Smith, Wendy; Mackie, Roderick I.; McSweeney, Christopher S.

doi:10.1099/00221287-147-7-1719

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…However, this probe is used in dot blot hybridization and does not function well in FISH (results not shown). Species-specific probes have been designed for members of the genera Bacteroides (5), Bifidobacterium (37), Eubacterium (29,31), and Ruminococcus (21,22). Although all of these probes are useful to specifically detect these species in the gut microbiota, for total microbiota analysis, the use of probes with narrow specificity is too laborious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Set of 16S rRNA-Based Probes for Detection of Bacteria in Human Feces

Harmsen

Raangs

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

352

262

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For the detection of six groups of anaerobic bacteria in human feces, we designed seven new 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes. This set of probes extends the current set of probes and gives more data on the composition of the human gut flora. Probes were designed for Phascolarctobacterium and relatives (Phasco741), Veillonella (Veil223), Eubacterium hallii and relatives (Ehal1469), Lachnospira and relatives (Lach571), and Eubacterium cylindroides and relatives (Ecyl387), and two probes were designed for Ruminococcus and relatives (Rbro730 and Rfla729). The hybridization conditions for the new probes were optimized for fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the probes were validated against a set of reference organisms. The probes were applied to fecal samples of 11 volunteers to enumerate their target bacterial groups. The Phasco741 and Veil223 probes both detected average numbers below 1% of the total number of bacteria as determined with the bacterial kingdom-specific Bact338 probe. The Ecyl387 probe detected about 1.4%, the Lach571 and Ehal1469 probes detected 3.8 and 3.6%, respectively, and a combination of the Rbro730 and Rfla729 probes detected 10.3%. A set of 15 probes consisting of probes previously described and those presented here were evaluated in hybridization with the fecal samples of the same volunteers. Together, the group-specific probes detected 90% of the total bacterial cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Set of 16S rRNA-Based Probes for Detection of Bacteria in Human Feces

Harmsen

Raangs

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

352

262

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Also, the rumen contents from F. succinogenes-containing-lambs produced less CH 4 in vitro (Chaucheyras-Durand et al, 2010). However, cellulolytic organisms such as F. succinogenes are already present in the rumen in high numbers and studies using fibrolytic bacteria as DFM did not demonstrate any improvement in cellulose digestion (Dehority and Triabasso, 1998;Krause et al, 2001).…”

Section: Other Possible Bacterial Dfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review

Jeyanathan

Martin

Morgavi

2014

Animal

134

115

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Concerns about the environmental effect and the economic burden of methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants are driving the search for ways to mitigate rumen methanogenesis. The use of direct-fed microbials (DFM) is one possible option to decrease CH 4 emission from ruminants. Direct-fed microbials are already used in ruminants mainly to increase productivity and to improve health, and are readily accepted by producers and consumers alike. However, studies on the use of DFM as rumen CH 4 mitigants are scarce. A few studies using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown a CH 4 -decreasing effect but, to date, there has not been a systematic exploration of DFM as modulators of rumen methanogenesis. In this review, we explored biochemical pathways competing with methanogenesis that, potentially, could be modulated by the use of DFM. Pathways involving the redirection of H 2 away from methanogenesis and pathways producing less H 2 during feed fermentation are the preferred options. Propionate formation is an example of the latter option that in addition to decrease CH 4 formation increases the retention of energy from the diet. Homoacetogenesis is a pathway using H 2 to produce acetate, however up to now no acetogen has been shown to efficiently compete with methanogens in the rumen. Nitrate and sulphate reduction are pathways competing with methanogenesis, but the availability of these substances in the rumen is limited. Although there were studies using nitrate and sulphate as chemical additives, use of DFM for improving these processes and decrease the accumulation of toxic metabolites needs to be explored more. There are some other pathways such as methanotrophy and capnophily or modes of action such as inhibition of methanogens that theoretically could be provided by DFM and affect methanogenesis. We conclude that DFM is a promising alternative for rumen methane mitigation that should be further explored for their practical usage.

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“…Several studies have shown that concentration of cellulolytic bacteria is not a limiting factor in the digestion of cellulose in the rumen (Dehority and Tirabasso 1998;Krause et al 2001). However, in those studies, digestibility was measured at 24 to 30 h, so the detection of any increase in the rate of degradation in the first few hours of digestion was missed.…”

Section: Stimulation Of Rumen Microbial Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants

Beauchemin¹,

Colombatto²,

Morgavi³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

121

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Rode, L. M. 2004. Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Recent studies have shown that adding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to ruminant diets can increase milk production of dairy cows and weight gain of growing beef cattle as a result of enhanced feed digestion. While much progress has been made in terms of advancing feed enzyme technology for ruminants, considerable research is still required to develop more effective enzyme products. The mode of action whereby exogenous enzymes improve digestion of plant cell wall is complex, and there is evidence for numerous potential modes of action suggesting they are interdependant. A mode of action that accounts for the most critical factors that explain the observed increases in feed digestion is presented. Adding exogenous enzymes to the diet increases the hydrolytic capacity of the rumen mainly due to increased bacterial attachment, stimulation of rumen microbial populations and synergistic effects with hydrolases of ruminal microorganisms. The net effect is increased enzymic activity within the rumen, which enhances digestibility of the total diet fed. Thus, improvements in digestibility are not limited to the dietary component to which the enzymes are applied, which explains why fibrolytic enzymes can be effective when added to supplement or grain. The magnitude of the improvements in feed digestibility reported in some research studies using feed enzymes suggests a viable future for enzyme products in commercial ruminant production systems. A more complete understanding of the mode of action of these products will allow development of low-cost enzyme products designed specifically to improve feed digestion by ruminants. Des études récentes montrent que l'addition d'enzymes fibrolytiques exogènes à la ration des ruminants accroît la production des vaches laitières et le poids gagné par les bovins de boucherie à cause d'une meilleure digestion des aliments. Bien que la technologie des enzymes alimentaires destinés aux ruminants ait progressé, il reste encore beaucoup à faire avant qu'on arrive à des produits enzymatiques plus efficaces. La manière dont les enzymes exogènes facilitent la digestion de la paroi cellulosique est particulièrement complexe et tout indique que les nombreux modes d'action potentiels sont interdépendants. Les auteurs proposent un mode d'action qui tient compte des principaux facteurs expliquant la meilleure digestion des aliments observée. L'addition d'enzymes exogènes à la ration accroît la capacité d'hydrolyse du rumen principalement à cause d'une meilleure fixation des bactéries, d'une stimulation de la microflore du rumen et de la synergie avec les hydrolases des microorganismes. Il s'ensuit une plus grande activité enzymatique dans le rumen, ce qui améliore la digestibilité de la ration. Cette meilleure digestibilité ne vient donc pas uniquement de la composante alimentaire à laquelle s'attaquent les enzymes, ce qui explique l'efficacité de...

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Repeated ruminal dosing of Ruminococcus spp. does not result in persistence, but changes in other microbial populations occur that can be measured with quantitative 16S-rRNA-based probes

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Extensive Set of 16S rRNA-Based Probes for Detection of Bacteria in Human Feces

Extensive Set of 16S rRNA-Based Probes for Detection of Bacteria in Human Feces

The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review

Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants

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