Repellent and fumigant toxic potential of three essential oils against Ephestia kuehniella

Abstract

Essential oils, when used as bio-insecticides in the control of insect pests of stored grains have shown specificity and variation in the potentiality of their mode of action. In the present study, three essential oils extracted from three aromatic plants of different families, white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba, Asteraceae), oregano (Origanum vulgare, Lamiaceae) and rue (Ruta montana, Rutaceae), were evaluated for their repellent and fumigant toxic potential against the flour moth larvae, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. The essential oils extraction was done by the hydrodistillation method. The repellent activity was carried out in Petri dishes using a filter paper treated with different oil dilutions (25, 75, 100, 120, 130, 150 µL/mL). The fumigant toxicity was determined on three concentrations (50, 130, 150 µL/L air). Two plants were shown to be repellent against the E. kuehniella larvae. Origanum oil was the most repellent with 67% of repellency rate followed by Artemisia oil (46%) at 120µL/mL after 2 hours of exposure. The oil of R. montana had an attractant activity against the larvae and was the most toxic with 56.7% of larval mortality in the first 24 hours. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 11.6, 175.4 and 1100.0 µL/L air for the plant oils R. montana, O. vulgare and A. herba alba, respectively. R. montana and O. vulgare essential oil are shown to be efficient with high toxic and repellent properties against E. kuehniella larvae. Their specific potential could be integrated in the selection of the best bioinsecticides for the optimum protection of stored grain.

Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities

“…Essential oils are well-known for their bioactivities, e.g., antimicrobial and antioxidant, and have long been used in different traditional medicine systems as well as in modern medicine, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products [ 29 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. Their applications as an insecticidal, larvicidal, nematocidal, pesticidal, phytotoxic, and insect-repellent agents are also well-documented [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 ]. Ruta essential oils found their way into various traditional medicinal products, and a significant body of literature could establish their bioactivities and medicinal potential [ 4 ].…”

“…There are only a handful of reports available on the larvicidal activity of the essential oil from R. montana . The essential oil of R. montana was assessed for the larvae-repellent and larvicidal activities against the flour moth ( Ephestia kuehniella ) larvae [ 111 ]. Interestingly, instead of larvae-repellent, this essential oil demonstrated larvae-attractant activity.…”

Controlling Stored Products’ Pests with Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review

“…The oil of R. montana showed attractant activity against the larvae and was the most toxic, with 56.7% of larval mortality in the first 24 h. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) recorded were 11.6, 175.4 and 1100.0 µL/L air for the plant oils R. montana, O. vulgare and A. herba-alba, respectively. R. montana and O. vulgare essential oils were shown to be efficient, with high toxic and repellent properties against E. kuehniella larvae [156]. The lethal concentration values of O. basilicum, Mentha pulegium and Ruta graveolens were, respectively, 0.96, 0.3 and 1.02 µL/L air on E. kuehniella [201].…”

Bibliometria sobre o Aedes spp. e etnobotânica: plantas inseticidas utilizadas no combate às arboviroses

“…Os óleos essenciais, como por exemplo, absinto branco (Artemisia herba alba, Asteraceae), orégano (Origanum vulgare, Lamiaceae) e me (Ruta montana, Rutaceae) quando utilizados como bioinseticidas no controle de insetos-praga de grãos armazenados, apresentam especificidade e variação na potencialidade de seu modo de ação (Bouzeraa, Bessila-Bouzeraa, Labed, 2019).…”