Repellent efficiency of BayRepel against Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Abstract

A new insect repellent, BayRepel, containing the active ingredient KBR 3023, was examined for repellent efficiency against the biting midge Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer. Assessments were made using landing rates on the forearms of five human subjects with two treatment concentrations of BayRepel and also an alternative repellent, Mosi-guard. BayRepel was found to significantly reduce landing rates for over 8 h, but with a significant reduction in efficiency at 2-4 h post-application. Increasing the dose of BayRepel led to a significantly greater protection at 8 h post-application, reducing landing rates by 75.8±8.5%. No significant differences were found in protection levels between individuals.

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

“…Insecticide use in these areas is often forbidden due to environmental regulatory issues. Repellents only provide minimal and temporary relief and are not considered a long-term solution (Carpenter et al 2005, Schreck and Kline 1981, Trigg 1996. Apart from altering one's life-style when midges are presented by staying indoors, repellents are presently the only means of self-protection.…”

“…Several chemicals related to DEET have been tested against midges and shown to be similar or more effective than DEET with respect to length of and degree of protection. One such compound, Bayrepel ® , tested by Carpenter et al (2005) on the Scottish biting midge proved to be effective for up to 8 hours post application. Plant essential oils such as citronella and eucalyptus, PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol), isolated from lemon eucalyptus oil of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.…”

Risk assessments for the insect repellents DEET and picaridin

“…Picaridin [2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester] is a new insect repellent for human use (Wahle et al, 1999;WHO, 2000;Scheinfeld, 2004;Carpenter et al, 2005), with initial registration in the U.S. in 2001 (USEPA, 2005). It has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes and a wide range of hematophagous arthropods (Frances et al, 2004;Scheinfeld, 2004;Carpenter et al, 2005).…”

“…It has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes and a wide range of hematophagous arthropods (Frances et al, 2004;Scheinfeld, 2004;Carpenter et al, 2005).…”

The effect of high frequency sound on <i>Culicoides</i> numbers collected with suction light traps

“…Studies in Europe showed that compounds such as p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and KBR3023 (Picaradin) will reduce the Culicoides biting rate on humans (Carpenter et al 2005;Trigg 1996). In South Africa 15% DEET (Page et al 2009) and a 15% (w/w) mixture of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acids (C9810) in light mineral oil ) was shown to have a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species when applied to polyester mesh.…”