Repetition‐Induced Belief in the Elderly: Rehabilitating Age‐Related Memory Deficits

Law, Sharmistha; Hawkins, Sean; Craik, Fergus I. M.

doi:10.1086/209529

Cited by 120 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although older adults clearly were able to encode context in experiment 1, as indicated by their results after 30 min., their overall performance showed a deficit in comparison to younger adults. This deficit is consistent with prior research on age differences in memory showing that older adults have somewhat more trouble encoding contextual information than do younger adults (e.g., Law et al 1998;Spencer and Raz 1995). If so, then minimizing the opportunity to encode a claim's context, while simultaneously maximizing the claim's familiarity, should produce the same "backfire" effect of repetition for older adults even after a short delay.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A more useful strategy may be to provide people, and older adults in particular, with environmental support, such as written materials (e.g., Park and Shaw 1992) or visual imagery (e.g., Law et al 1998), to supplement or improve memory. For older consumers, additional research should explore situations in which they are less susceptible to the bias, especially when recollection of context is needed to establish truth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past research has demonstrated enhanced truth ratings for a wide range of types of claims, including brand and product claims (Hawkins and Hoch 1992;Law et al 1998), trivia statements (Begg et al 1992;Hasher et al 1977), political opinions (Arkes, Hackett, and Boehm 1989), and invented vocabulary (Gilbert et al 1990). For our experiment, we chose to use claims about health and medicine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expect that older adults are less likely than younger adults to recall whether consumer information was acquired from a trustworthy or untrustworthy source. Law, Hawkins, and Craik (1998) and Mutter, Lindsey, and Pliske (1995) found that prior presentation can enhance truth judgments more for older than for younger adults, suggesting that older adults may rely on experienced familiarity more than their younger counterparts do. In both of these studies, claims were not explicitly identified as true or false during encoding, so the role of context memory in creating the illusion of truth could not be directly assessed.…”

Section: Age Repetition and Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations

Skurnik¹,

Yoon²,

Park³

et al. 2005

J CONSUM RES

342

259

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Telling people that a consumer claim is false can make them misremember it as true. In two experiments, older adults were especially susceptible to this "illusion of truth" effect. Repeatedly identifying a claim as false helped older adults remember it as false in the short term but paradoxically made them more likely to remember it as true after a 3 day delay. This unintended effect of repetition comes from increased familiarity with the claim itself but decreased recollection of the claim's original context. Findings provide insight into susceptibility over time to memory distortions and exploitation via repetition of claims in media and advertising.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age Repetition and Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations

Skurnik¹,

Yoon²,

Park³

et al. 2005

J CONSUM RES

342

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From a psychological point of view, previous research has shown that repetition of a message tends to induce beliefs more strongly in older individuals than in younger ones (Law, Hawkins, and Craik 1998). As this campaign did involve dozens of repetitions of brand-advertising messages to individual customers, this could be a cause of our age-based differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Advertising Effectively Influences Older Users: How Field Experiments Can Improve Measurement and Targeting

Lewis

Reiley

2013

Rev Ind Organ

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Does advertising measurably affect sales? New technologies for tracking individuals' sales and ad exposure facilitate studying a nationwide retailer's online brand advertising effectiveness. A controlled experiment on 1,577,256 existing customers measures the causal effect of advertising on purchases, overcoming the attribution problem by exogenously varying ad exposure. The advertising produced a statistically and economically significant effect on in-store sales. The experiment permits a demographic breakdown. Surprisingly, the effects are large for the elderly. Customers aged 65+, comprising only 5% of customers, increased purchases by 20% due to the advertising. This represented 40% of the total effect among all ages.Major Classification: Social Sciences Minor Classification: Economic Sciences

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I'll have what she's having: Gauging the impact of product placements on viewers

Law

Braun²

2000

Psychol. Mark.

Self Cite

216

185

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Product placement in TV shows is becoming increasingly common, yet little is known about its effectiveness nor even how to define and measure such effectiveness. This research examined the effectiveness of product placement with the use of two different types of measures: explicit measures that tap memory directly (with the use of a recognition and recall task), and an implicit measure that measures the effect of exposure on product choice indirectly. It was hypothesized that the ability of product placement to enhance memory and choice may be mediated by distinct mechanisms. The results showed an overall enhancement in product recall, recognition, and choice due to placement. Further, although products central to the plot were remembered and recalled more than products placed more subtly, no reliable effect of centrality of placement was observed on the choice measure. This dissociation also occurred with modality of placement-where seen-only products most influenced choice but were least recalled. The present data conform to theories of memory, which predict that performance on explicit memory task can be dissociated or uncorrelated with performance on implicit performance or choice. This finding has significant implications for how product placements are designed and how their efficacy evaluated.

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Repetition‐Induced Belief in the Elderly: Rehabilitating Age‐Related Memory Deficits

Cited by 120 publications

References 3 publications

How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations

How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations

Advertising Effectively Influences Older Users: How Field Experiments Can Improve Measurement and Targeting

I'll have what she's having: Gauging the impact of product placements on viewers

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