Repetitive and stereotyped movements in children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life

Morgan, Lindee; Wetherby, Amy M.; Barber, Angie

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01904.x

Cited by 86 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…42 However, more recently, data suggest that repetitive and stereotyped movements can distinguish between children with an ASD and those with delayed or typical development late in the second year of life. 48 The focus on behaviors evident later in development inevitably means that the diagnosis of infants and toddlers is delayed. To promote early diagnosis, the criteria in current diagnostic manuals require modification to reflect those behaviors that are present in the infancy period.…”

Section: Current Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infancy and Toddlerhood: A Review of the Evidence on Early Signs, Early Identification Tools, and Early Diagnosis

Barbaro

Dissanayake

2009

Journal of Developmental &Amp; Behavioral Pediatrics

209

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, the biological basis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remains unknown. Thus, identification and diagnosis are reliant on behavioral presentation and developmental history. There have been significant advances in our knowledge of the early signs of ASD through the use of retrospective videotape analysis, parental report, screening studies, and more recently, studies on high-risk infant siblings. Despite behavioral markers being identified within the first year of life, the current average age of diagnosis for ASD remains at approximately 3 years or older. Consequently, these children are not receiving intervention in their early years, which is increasingly recognized as an important time to begin intervention. There remains little research on the prospective identification of these children in a community-based sample before 18 months. It is recommended that future prospective studies monitor behavior repeatedly over time, thereby increasing the opportunity to identify early manifestations of ASD and facilitating the charting of subtle behavioral changes that occur in the development of infants and toddlers with ASD.

show abstract

Section: Current Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infancy and Toddlerhood: A Review of the Evidence on Early Signs, Early Identification Tools, and Early Diagnosis

Barbaro

Dissanayake

2009

Journal of Developmental &Amp; Behavioral Pediatrics

209

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other researchers have used RRB-related items from various parent interviews and scales (e.g., Bopp et al 2009;Militerni et al 2002), or a variety of formal questionnaires (e.g., Bodfish et al 2000;Cuccaro et al 2003;Gabriels et al 2005). Finally, a few studies have employed direct observations of RRB (Epstein et al 1985;Goldman et al 2009;Morgan et al 2008;Watt et al 2008) The use of such diverse measurement approaches makes it difficult to compare results across studies. Papageorgiou et al (2008) noted that, since RRBs encompass a variety of behaviors that are not addressed in the ADI-R, future research examining the structure of these behaviors should make use of more comprehensive instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mirenda

Smith

Vaillancourt

et al. 2010

J Autism Dev Disord

152

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the factor structure of the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) in a sample of 287 preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine six competing structural models. Spearman's rank order correlations were calculated to examine the associations between factor scores and variables of interest. The 3- and 5-factor models were selected as preferable on the basis of fit statistics and parsimony. For both models, the strongest correlations were with problem behavior scores on the Child Behavior Checklist and repetitive behavior scores on the ADI-R. Developmental index standard scores were not correlated with factors in either model. The results confirm the utility of the RBS-R as a measure of repetitive behaviors in young children with ASD.

show abstract

“…26 Lastly, seizures are occasionally suspected but should be distinguishable from SMD by careful observation, history, as well as laboratory tests.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Smd From Other Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypic movement disorder: easily missed

Fréeman

Soltanifar

Baer

2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim To expand the understanding of stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) and its differentiation from tics and autistic stereotypies.Method Forty‐two children (31 males, mean age 6y 3mo, SD 2y 8mo; 11 females, mean age 6y 7mo, SD 1y 9mo) consecutively diagnosed with SMD, without‐self‐injurious behavior, intellectual disability, sensory impairment, or an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), were assessed in a neuropsychiatry clinic. A list of probe questions on the nature of the stereotypy was administered to parents (and to children if developmentally ready). Questionnaires administered included the Stereotypy Severity Scale, Short Sensory Profile, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Repetitive Behavior Scale – Revised, and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. The stereotyped movement patterns were directly observed and in some cases further documented by video recordings made by parents. The probe questions were used again on follow‐up at a mean age of 10 years 7 months (SD 4y 4mo).Results Mean age at onset was 17 months. Males exceeded females by 3:1. Family history of a pattern of SMD was reported in 13 and neuropsychiatric comorbidity in 30 (attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder in 16, tics in 18, and developmental coordination disorder in 16). Obsessive–compulsive disorder occurred in only two. The Short Sensory Profile correlated with comorbidity (p<0.001), the Stereotypy Severity Scale (p=0.009), and the Repetitive Behavior Scale (p<0.001); the last correlated with the Stereotypy Severity Scale (p=0.001). Children (but not their parents) liked their movements, which were usually associated with excitement or imaginative play. Mean length of follow‐up was 4 years 8 months (SD 2y 10mo). Of the 39 children followed for longer than 6 months, the behavior stopped or was gradually shaped so as to occur primarily privately in 25. Misdiagnosis was common: 26 were initially referred as tics, 10 as ASD, five as compulsions, and one as epilepsy. Co‐occurring facial grimacing in 15 children and vocalization in 22 contributed to diagnostic confusion.Interpretation SMD occurs in children without ASD or intellectual disability. The generally favorable clinical course is largely due to a gradual increase in private expression of the movements. Severity of the stereotypy is associated with sensory differences and psychopathology. Differentiation of SMD from tics and ASD is important to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

show abstract

Repetitive and stereotyped movements in children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life

Abstract: This study provides support for the diagnostic significance of RSM in children under 24 months of age and documents the utility of this RSM measurement tool as a companion to the CSBS.

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infancy and Toddlerhood: A Review of the Evidence on Early Signs, Early Identification Tools, and Early Diagnosis

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infancy and Toddlerhood: A Review of the Evidence on Early Signs, Early Identification Tools, and Early Diagnosis

Validating the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Stereotypic movement disorder: easily missed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About