Repetitive TMS over posterior STS disrupts perception of biological motion

Grossman, Emily D.; Battelli, Lorella; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.05.027

Cited by 254 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The function and structure of these regions are associated with biological motion perception (11,15,16,20,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) and their role in biological motion perception has been confirmed in several TMS studies (15,16). In light of this finding, these data permit a stringent comparison between the performance of our ventral patients and that of the brain-damaged patients with lesions to L-pSTS or L-vPMC (the two "critical" lesion groups).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…It is unclear, however, whether all of these brain areas contribute causally to the perception of biological motion. Neuropsychological studies in patients and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in normal observers have identified several motion-sensitive areas as critical for biological motion perception, including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) (11,(15)(16)(17), given that a sustained or transient lesion to these regions impairs biological motion perception. However, whether form-sensitive regions in the ventral "form" visual pathway [for example, the extrastriate body area (EBA) (18)(19)(20) in the lateral occipital cortex], which are consistently activated in response to biological motion in neuroimaging studies, play a critical role in biological motion perception remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ventral aspect of the visual form pathway is not critical for the perception of biological motion

Gilaie-Dotan

Saygın

Lorenzi³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Identifying the movements of those around us is fundamental for many daily activities, such as recognizing actions, detecting predators, and interacting with others socially. A key question concerns the neurobiological substrates underlying biological motion perception. Although the ventral "form" visual cortex is standardly activated by biologically moving stimuli, whether these activations are functionally critical for biological motion perception or are epiphenomenal remains unknown. To address this question, we examined whether focal damage to regions of the ventral visual cortex, resulting in significant deficits in form perception, adversely affects biological motion perception. Six patients with damage to the ventral cortex were tested with sensitive point-light display paradigms. All patients were able to recognize unmasked point-light displays and their perceptual thresholds were not significantly different from those of three different control groups, one of which comprised brain-damaged patients with spared ventral cortex (n > 50). Importantly, these six patients performed significantly better than patients with damage to regions critical for biological motion perception. To assess the necessary contribution of different regions in the ventral pathway to biological motion perception, we complement the behavioral findings with a fine-grained comparison between the lesion location and extent, and the cortical regions standardly implicated in biological motion processing. This analysis revealed that the ventral aspects of the form pathway (e.g., fusiform regions, ventral extrastriate body area) are not critical for biological motion perception. We hypothesize that the role of these ventral regions is to provide enhanced multiview/posture representations of the moving person rather than to represent biological motion perception per se.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral aspect of the visual form pathway is not critical for the perception of biological motion

Gilaie-Dotan

Saygın

Lorenzi³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Our results suggest that phi 1 reflects the inhibition of the mirror-neuron and/or the enhancement of intrinsic premotor activity, whereas phi 2 reflects the enhancement of the mirror-neuron system and/or the inhibition of intrinsic premotor activity. Potential sources for the centroparietally located phi complex include areas reported to belong to the human mirror-neuron system, in particular parietal areas and the superior temporal sulcus (4,5,9,10,17,(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81). The presence of a complex formed by two distinct peaks is an unusual spectral feature of human EEG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phi complex as a neuromarker of human social coordination

Tognoli

Lagarde²,

DeGuzman³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

382

348

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Many social interactions rely upon mutual information exchange: one member of a pair changes in response to the other while at the same time producing actions that alter the behavior of the other. However, little is known about how such social processes are integrated in the brain. Here, we used a specially designed dualelectroencephalogram system and the conceptual framework of coordination dynamics to identify neural signatures of effective, real-time coordination between people and its breakdown or absence. High-resolution spectral analysis of electrical brain activity before and during visually mediated social coordination revealed a marked depression in occipital alpha and rolandic mu rhythms during social interaction that was independent of whether behavior was coordinated or not. In contrast, a pair of oscillatory components (phi 1 and phi2) located above right centroparietal cortex distinguished effective from ineffective coordination: increase of phi 1 favored independent behavior and increase of phi 2 favored coordinated behavior. The topography of the phi complex is consistent with neuroanatomical sources within the human mirror neuron system. A plausible mechanism is that the phi complex reflects the influence of the other on a person's ongoing behavior, with phi 1 expressing the inhibition of the human mirror neuron system and phi 2 its enhancement.brain oscillations ͉ electroencephalography ͉ mirror neuron system ͉ phi rhythm ͉ coordination dynamics T wo anatomically overlapping yet functionally distinct systems in the brain have been identified when we interact with others. The first, historically called the motor preparation system, consists of cortical circuitry that includes the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and parts of the inferior parietal cortex (1). This system is deemed responsible for implementing the intention to realize one's own actions (2, 3). The second, the mirror-neuron system (4, 5), allows for the actions of others to be perceived (6), embodied (7), understood (8, 9), and appropriated (10) by our own motor system. Its main components are the inferior parietal sulcus, the premotor cortex (5,11,12), and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) (although the motor properties of STS neurons coactivated during observation and execution are presently the subject of some debate; see ref. 6). In evolutionary terms, the mirror-neuron system may facilitate important functions of skill learning, language acquisition, everyday joint action, and interpersonal coordination (13). A common viewpoint (5, 14) is that the mirror-neuron system is inactive most of the time but is activated upon request. Research on pathological imitation (15) suggests a further possibility, namely, that the mirror-neuron system is constantly available for use but is actively suppressed by inhibition (16).Neurophysiological studies of the influence of one person's actions on another have so far assessed the behavioral acts of pairs of individuals one at a time, i.e., one acts while the other observes; or o...

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“…Striate and extrastriate cortex stimulation was conducted in the same testing session, with stimulation sessions separated by 30 minutes since 15 minutes is generally considered to be the duration of rTMS effects elicited by similar stimulation parameters [Grossman et al, 2005]. The order of stimulation was counter balanced across participants.…”

Section: Testing Sessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex for pattern motion perception revealed using rTMS

Thompson

Aaen-Stockdale

Koski

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The neural mechanisms underlying the integration and segregation of motion signals are often studied using plaid stimuli. These stimuli consist of two spatially coincident dynamic gratings of differing orientations, which are either perceived to move in two unique directions or are integrated by the visual system to elicit the percept of a checkerboard moving in a single direction. Computations pertaining to the motion of the individual component gratings are thought to take place in striate cortex (V1) whereas motion integration is thought to involve neurons in dorsal stream extrastriate visual areas, particularly V5/MT. By combining a psychophysical task that employed plaid stimuli with 1 Hz offline repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we demonstrated a double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex in terms of their contributions to motion integration. rTMS over striate cortex increased coherent motion percepts whereas rTMS over extrastriate cortex had the opposite effect. These effects were robust directly after the stimulation administration and gradually returned to baseline within 15 minutes. This double dissociation is consistent with previous patient data and the recent hypothesis that both coherent and transparent motion percepts are supported by the visual system simultaneously and compete for perceptual dominance.

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Repetitive TMS over posterior STS disrupts perception of biological motion

Cited by 254 publications

References 57 publications

Ventral aspect of the visual form pathway is not critical for the perception of biological motion

Ventral aspect of the visual form pathway is not critical for the perception of biological motion

The phi complex as a neuromarker of human social coordination

A double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex for pattern motion perception revealed using rTMS

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