Replacement of animal protein sources by soy protein concentrate for juvenile Nile tilapia

Abstract

Soy protein concentrate (SPC) was evaluated as a dietary replacement of animal protein sources (fish meal and poultry by-product meal) (APS) for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) were evaluated by feeding tilapia an experimental diet composed of 69.5% reference diet, 30% SPC, and 0.5% chromic oxide as inert marker. Apparent digestibility coefficients were 96.57% for CP and 76.84% for DM. In a feeding trial, increasing levels of dietary SPC (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replaced APS and were fed to tilapia juveniles (10.0 ± 0.18 g) for 60 days. Daily weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention, feed conversion, body composition and liver histology were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by protein replacement. A second feeding trial compared tilapia's growth performance when SPC was supplemented with methionine and threonine (100% SPC+aa, 100% SPC, and 0% SPC) as well as CP and DM digestibility. The amino acid supplementation of SPC significantly increased tilapia daily weight gain. Diets containing 100%SPC and 100% SPC+aa promoted higher protein ADC values than diet containing only APS. However, DM ADC values were significantly higher in fish fed 0% SPC when compared to 100% SPC. Therefore, SPC can replace poultry by-product meal and fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia without compromising growth performance, protein retention, body composition, liver histology, and protein digestibility. However, SPC supplementation with limiting amino acids, such as methionine and threonine, is advisable since it further increases weight gain and protein digestibility. RESUMOConcentrado proteico de soja (CPS) foi avaliado como substituto dietético das farinhas de peixe e vísceras de aves (FP e FVA) para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da proteína bruta (PB) e matéria seca (MS) foram avaliados com o fornecimento de dieta experimental composta de 69,5% da dieta referência, 30% CPS e 0,5% de óxido de cromo como marcador inerte. O CDA foi de 96,57% para PB e 76,84% para MS. Em ensaio de alimentação, dietas com níveis crescentes de CPS (0, 33, 67 e 100%) foram oferecidas para juvenis de tilápia (10,0 ± 0,18 g) por 60 dias. Ganho de peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico, retenção proteica, conversão alimentar, composição corporal e histologia hepática não foram afetados (P>0,05) pela substituição. Um segundo ensaio de alimentação comparou crescimento e digestibilidade quando CPS foi suplementado com metionina e treonina (100% CPS+aa, 100% CPS, e 0% CPS). A suplementação resultou em maior ganho de peso diário dos peixes. As dietas 100% e 100% CPS+aa promoveram maiores CDA para proteína que a dieta 0% CPS. No entanto, o CDA para MS foi significativamente maior nos peixes alimentados com 0% CPS quando comparado com 100% CPS. CPS pode substituir FP e FVA em dietas de tilápia do Nilo sem comprometer o desempenho do crescimento, retenção proteica, composição...

Effect of replacing fish meal protein by crystalline amino acid and soy protein concentrate on growth, feed utilization, and metabolism of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum juveniles

“…SPC is an alternative protein source for aquaculture diets resulting from the alcoholic extraction of carbohydrates and some antinutritional factors from soybean meal. Although the SPC protein content (around 650 g/kg) is similar to FM, they are deficient in methionine (do Espirito Santo, Fernandes, & da Silva, 2015; Espe, Hevrøy, Liaset, Lemme, & El‐Mowafi, 2008; S. Kaushik et al, 1995; Riche & Williams, 2011; Storebakken, Shearer, & Roem, 2000). In this study, the diet with the complete replacement of FM by SPC was shown to be deficient in methionine, which agrees with previous studies on rainbow trout (S. Kaushik, Coves, Dutto, & Blanc, 2004), red sea bream, Pagrus major (Takagi et al, 2001), sole (Aragao et al, 2003), and Nile tilapia (do Espirito Santo et al, 2015).…”

“…Although the SPC protein content (around 650 g/kg) is similar to FM, they are deficient in methionine (do Espirito Santo, Fernandes, & da Silva, 2015; Espe, Hevrøy, Liaset, Lemme, & El‐Mowafi, 2008; S. Kaushik et al, 1995; Riche & Williams, 2011; Storebakken, Shearer, & Roem, 2000). In this study, the diet with the complete replacement of FM by SPC was shown to be deficient in methionine, which agrees with previous studies on rainbow trout (S. Kaushik, Coves, Dutto, & Blanc, 2004), red sea bream, Pagrus major (Takagi et al, 2001), sole (Aragao et al, 2003), and Nile tilapia (do Espirito Santo et al, 2015). Generally, the supplementation of soy protein‐based diets with CAA resulted in growth performances comparable to FM‐based diets in different fish species (Boonyoung, Haga, & Satoh, 2013; Hernández, Martínez, Jover, & García, 2007; Li et al, 2015; Takagi et al, 2001; Venou, Alexis, Fountoulaki, & Haralabous, 2006; Wang et al, 2017).…”