Replacement of dietary fat by sucrose or starch: Effects on 14 d ad libitum energy intake, energy expenditure and body weight in formerly obese and never-obese subjects

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of a high-sucrose diet vs a high-starch and a high-fat diet on 14 d ad libitum energy intake, body weight, energy expenditure and sympathoadrenal activity. MEASURMENTS: Food intake; body weight and composition (bioelectrical impedance); 24 h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation rates, spontaneous physical activity, heart rate and appetite sensations in a respiration chamber (VAS scores); plasma catecholamine concentration and blood pressure. SUBJECTS: Twenty normal-weight, healthy women, 9 post-obese (body mass index (BMI): 22.9 AE 0.7 kg/m 2 ) and 11 closely matched controls (BMI: 22.6 AE 0.4 kg/m 2 ). RESULTS: Average 14 d ad libitum energy intake was 13% and 12% lower on the starch diet compared with the sucrose and fat diets, respectively (P`0.05). In both post-obese and normal-weight subjects, body weight and fat mass decreased signi®cantly on the starch diet (by 0.7 AE 0.2 kg and 0.4 AE 0.1 kg, respectively, P`0.05). No changes were observed on the fat or sucrose diets. After 14 d on the sucrose diet, 24 h energy expenditure as well as postprandial plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, were signi®cantly increased compared with the other two diets. Overall satiety and palatability ratings were also highest on the sucrose diet. CONCLUSION: Intake of a 14-d ad libitum high-starch diet decreased energy intake and body weight compared with a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. The increased energy expenditure observed on the sucrose-rich diet can probably be explained both by the increased intake of energy and fructose (mainly from sucrose) on this diet.

Twenty-four hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation before and after 6 months' ad libitum intake of a diet rich in simple or complex carbohydrates or a habitual diet

“…13±18 In a longer-term study over 14 days, Raben et al described increased carbohydrate oxidation and suppressed fat oxidation following 14 day controlled ad libitum intake of a sucrose-rich diet (23 E% sucrose) as compared to a starchrich diet (2 E% sucrose). 19 However, in that study energy intake was higher on the sucrose-rich diet compared with the starch-rich diet, which may explain the higher RQnp on the sucrose-rich diet.…”

“…In one longer-term study a higher 24 h energy expenditure was also seen after 14 days ad libitum intake of a sucrose-rich, low-fat diet compared to a starch-rich, low-fat diet. 19 However, this study was still not long enough to allow adaption to the diets and the effects may have been temporary.…”

Effects of meals with high soluble fibre, high amylose barley variant on glucose, insulin, satiety and thermic effect of food in healthy lean women

“…Other studies examining the effect of GI on EE have been performed with simple sugars (fructose compared to glucose) (Ritz et al, 1991;Raben et al, 1994Raben et al, , 1997Tagliabue et al, 1995), where increased TEF was observed with fructose, which has a lower GI compared to glucose. Significant differences in TEF and satiety with carbohydrate foods were observed by Raben et al (1994) who noted significantly lower TEF and increased fullness with high-fibre (4.7 g/MJ) compared to low-fibre (1.7 g/MJ) meals.…”

Guidelines for sugar consumption in Europe: Is a quantitative approach justified?

“…There is a lack of consistency in the evidence on whether sugars and starches have similar effects on appetite and body weight. Raben et al (1997) found that a high-starch diet resulted in lower energy intakes and reductions in body weight after 14 d compared with a high-sucrose or high-fat diet. Lawton et al (1998) found that giving high carbohydrate sweet or high carbohydrate savoury snacks had similar effects on energy intake and body weight over 21 d.…”