Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients with lysine and methionine supplementation to practical diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio

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“…This finding is similar to those of Emre et al (2003) on mirror carp, Sevgili and Ertürk (2004) There were no significant differences among the experimental diets in CF, HSI, or VSI values. This result is in accordance with the findings of Webster et al (2000), Emre et al (2003), Sevgili and Ertürk (2004), Shapawi et al (2007), Hu et al (2008), and Aydın and Gümüş (2013), in contrast to results announced by Steffens (1994), Takagi et al (2000), Rawles et al (2006), and Yang et al (2006).…”

“…The water temperature ranged from 24 to 26°C, dissolved oxygen from 4.8 to 5.5 mg/L, pH from 7.8 to 8.4. All parameters remained within the acceptable ranges required for normal growth of carp fry during the course of the study (Horvath et al, 2002). During the feeding trials, Fish were subjected to a constant photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness under fluorescent lighting.…”

Lisina em dietas para alevinos de carpa comum

“…However, the protein analysis in body composition of carp in this study (Table 3) not corroborate with the above statements because the better results in productive performance (2.05% lysine supplementation in diet) produced the smaller protein in body composition of carp. HU et al (2008) at the supplemented lysine and methionine in diets with inclusion of plant ingredients in fishmeal substitution not report differences in body composition of fish. These results reinforce the need of deepen research in order to better understand the metabolic interactions that occur in C. carpio with lysine supplementation in the diet.…”

“…Those results suggest that the carp can use better the nutrients available in the diet with an ideal level of lysine supplementation in relation the protein concentration in diets. Furthermore, the presence of lysine in the diet as well as an amino acid pool, can optimize the amino acid profile of the diet (DENG et al, 2006;SAAVEDRA et al, 2015;NGUYEN and DAVIS, 2016), improving consumption and productive performance (DENG et al, 2011), which lead to greater tissue deposition and consequently greater fish productive performance (WANG et al, 2005;HU et al, 2008;NGUYEN and DAVIS, 2016). However, the protein analysis in body composition of carp in this study (Table 3) not corroborate with the above statements because the better results in productive performance (2.05% lysine supplementation in diet) produced the smaller protein in body composition of carp.…”

“…However, the profile and bioavailability of essential and non-essential amino acids that make up these diets must be evaluated; especially for lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan, as these amino acids are considered to be the most limiting (FURUYA et al, 2010;DIEMER et al, 2014). Several protein feeds of vegetal origin have been used as replacement to fishmeal due to their greater availability and, consequently, lower cost (HU et al, 2008;RAWLES et al, 2013). However, their deficiency in some amino acids requires supplementation with synthetic amino acids (FURUYA et al, 2006;RAWLES et al, 2013) as the deficiency of a single amino acid in the diet can limit the use of the whole protein by the fish (SAAVEDRA et al, 2015;RAGGI et al, 2016).…”