Replacement of fish oil with palm oil: Effects on growth performance, innate immune response, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing dietary fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (9.34± 0.02g initial weight) with emphasis on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities as well as serum biochemical parameters. Also, lysozyme activity (LYZ), respiratory burst (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and resistance to Streptococcus iniae were investigated. Fish were stocked in 15 rectangular fiber glass tanks (150× 60× 40 cm) at 40 fish per tank with water maintained at 210 litres. Fish were fed five isonitrogenous (33% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% lipid) diets with PO included at 0% (0% PO), 25% (25% PO), 50% (50%PO), 75% (75% PO) and 100% (100% PO) for 8 weeks. The findings demonstrated that growth, and feed utilization was not compromised when PO was used in place of FO either partially or totally. Except for protease activity which was not significantly altered, lipase and amylase activities were significantly altered when FO was replaced with PO. There were no significant differences among treatments for CAT, SOD and LYZ. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in fish fed 100% PO was significantly lower than all other groups whiles total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fish fed 0% PO was significantly higher than all other groups. Fish fed 0% PO, 25% PO and 50% PO had glutathione reductase (GR) significantly higher than fish fed 75% PO and 100% PO. RB in fish fed 0% PO were significantly lower than fish fed 75% PO and 100% PO. Also, fish fed 0% PO had significantly lower total protein (TP) compared with groups fed 50% PO and 75% PO. Fish fed diets with PO had similar resistance ability to Streptococcus iniae as those fed diets with FO. However, the liver function was likely to be compromised due to the increase in aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatas (ALP) along increasing PO inclusion levels. AST, total protein, triacylglycerol (TAG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups fed higher levels of PO. This study therefore concludes that feeding tilapia fingerlings with diets containing PO affects antioxidant and innate immune parameters negatively due to the reduction in LYS, TAC, GR, MDA, CAT, SOD and GSHpx.

Effects of Cadmium Chloride and Glyphosate on Antioxidants as Biochemical Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia

“…Exposed liver cells of Oreochromis niloticus to diclofenac (DCF) for 30 days showed activity of CAT inhibited, GSH level decreased and the increase in the activities of SOD and GST [62]. Results of actual study are different from other studies where serum malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly reduced while activity of glutathione reductase significantly increased and no significant for CAT, SOD activity compared to control of Nile tilapia after 56 days [63]. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) caused decreasing activity of MDA in liver, increasing activity of GST in plasma and activity of SOD increased in liver of Oreochromis niloticus after 8 weeks [64].…”

Effects of dietary vegetable oil on growth performance, digestive capacity, antioxidant capacity and expression of immune‐related genes in the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ ×E. lanceolatus♂)

“…You et al (2019) reported that compared with fish oil, soybean oil and linseed oil significantly decreased the amylase and lipase activities of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Moreover, the replacement of FO with VO can significantly alter the lipase and amylase activities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Ayisi, Zhao, & Wu, 2018) and Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) (Bowyer, Qin, Adams, Thomson, & Stone, 2012). However, feeding gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) VO diets had no effect on its digestive enzymes (Castro et al, 2019).…”

Effects of replacing fish oil with palm oil in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on muscle biochemical composition, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of growth-related genes

“…Effects of replacing fish oil with palm oil have been reported and discussed conclusively in Ayisi et al (2018), a study directly related to this study. Additional file 1: Table S1 briefly shows how replacing palm oil with fish oil affected growth and feed utilization.…”