Replacing maize silage with red clover silage in total mixed rations for dairy cows: In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and associative effects

Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin; Blank, Ralf; Schulz, Franziska; Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.002

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Even though these results should be interpreted with care, and that equations are not recommended to be directly used to estimate MCP synthesis based on OBCFA, they give an indication about the effect of including RCS in the diets of dairy cows. Finally, the effect of replacing MS with RCS on the estimated MCP synthesis of this study matches with the reduction in concentration and yield of milk protein [16], the estimated flow of utilizable CP at the duodenum, based on an in vitro technique [25] or that calculated with an official equation of the German protein evaluation system [39], and the concentration of purine bases and total N in liquid-associated microbes in vitro [28]. The latter indicates the relative reliability of the approaches used to estimate MCP synthesis.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Present Studysupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Moreover, with the substitution of MS by RCS and SBM by wheat, in order to maintain similar concentrations of CP among the diets, the compositions of the diets differed to some extent. Therefore, increasing the RCS level caused a decrease in sugar (from 56.2 to 28.4 g/kg DM) and starch (from 232 to 170 g/kg DM) content, a slight increase in ADF concentration (from 212 to 244 g/kg DM), and a decrease in energy content [25]. Those changes in the diet would promote differences in the composition of microbial populations, and, expectedly, in OBCFA in milk.…”

Section: Relationship Of Obcfa With Urinary Purine Derivates and Estimentioning

confidence: 96%

“…where DMI is in kg/d and is that reported by Schulz et al [16], the ME is metabolizable energy content of the TMR in MJ/kg DM, estimated in vitro (RCS15 = 11.6, RCS30 = 11.4, RCS45 = 10.9, RCS60 = 10.7; [25]), 10.1 is the assumed value of MCP efficiency in g/MJ ME according to German protein evaluation system [26], OMI is organic matter (OM) intake in kg/d, ATTDOM is the apparent total tract digestibility of OM reported by Schulz et al [16], and 156 is the assumed value of MCP efficiency in g/kg digestible OM according to GfE [26]. All statistical analyses were conducted using the software R (version 3.1.0, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Vienna, Austria).…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage

Westreicher-Kristen

Castro-Montoya

Hasler

et al. 2020

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods comprised of a 13-day adaptation phase to diet followed by an 8-day sampling phase. Differences in estimated MCP yield and milk OBCFA composition were found by feeding total mixed rations containing forage (maize silage, MS; red clover silage, RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions of RCS to MS of 0.15:0.60, 0.30:0.45, 0.45:0.30, and 0.60:0.15 on a dry matter basis. The MCP was estimated from the total urinary purine derivate (PD) excretion (MCPPD) and intakes of metabolizable energy (MCPME) or digestible organic matter (MCPdOM). The Pearson correlations of individual OBCFA with urinary parameters (uric acid, allantoin, PD and nitrogen) were generally weak (r = −0.37 to 0.55). Yields of individual OBCFA correlated positively with MCPME and MCPdOM (r = 0.21 to 0.55). The prediction of urinary PD concentration was moderate (R2 = 0.64) when including the proportion of iso-C17:0. The prediction of total PD excretion was low (R2 = 0.21) with yields of iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The prediction of MCPPD was high (R2 = 0.99) when including the iso-C16:0 and cis-9 C17:1 concentrations, while those of MCPME and MCPdOM were low (R2 = 0.37 and 0.36, respectively) when including yields of iso-C15:0, cis-9 C17:1, and iso-C18:0. The correlations and regression analyses demonstrate that the estimated MCP synthesis and urinary PD excretion can be only moderately predicted by yields and concentrations of individual or total OBCFA in cow’s milk. However, milk OBCFA can still be seen as a promising, non-invasive method for predicting rumen function and microbial protein supply in dairy cows because MCP flow was not directly measured in this study but instead indirectly estimated probably comprising considerable deviations of the assumed values from the true ones.

show abstract

Section: Limitations Of the Present Studysupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Relationship Of Obcfa With Urinary Purine Derivates and Estimentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage

Westreicher-Kristen

Castro-Montoya

Hasler

et al. 2020

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Starch concentration was 2007) and chemical composition according to Menke and Steingass (1988). Published in Westreicher-Kristen et al (2017). Composition of the mineral-vitamin premix (in kg of fresh matter and according to manufacturer specifications): 200 g of Ca, 80 g of Na, 40 g of Mg, 40 g of P, 8,000 mg of Zn, 6,400 mg of Mn, 1,200 mg of Cu, 160 mg of I, 70 mg of Co, 45 mg of Se, 5,000 mg of vitamin E, 1,250,000 IU of vitamin A, and 125,000 IU of vitamin D.…”

Section: Sampling and Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing maize silage plus soybean meal with red clover silage plus wheat in diets for lactating dairy cows

Schulz

Westreicher-Kristen

Knappstein

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of replacing maize silage plus soybean meal with red clover silage (RCS) plus wheat on feed intake, diet digestibility, N partitioning, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and milk production in dairy cows. Forty-four lactating German Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods composed of a 13-d adaptation phase followed by an 8-d sampling phase. Experimental diets offered as total mixed ration consisted of a constant forage-to-concentrate ratio (75:25) with targeted proportions of RCS-to-maize silage of 15:60 (RCS), 30:45 (RCS), 45:30 (RCS), and 60:15 (RCS) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Increasing the proportion of RCS plus wheat in the diet decreased linearly the intake of DM from 22.4 to 19.8 kg/d, and of organic matter from 21.1 to 18.1 kg/d. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and organic matter did not differ across diets and averaged 68.4 and 70.5%, respectively. However, ATTD of N decreased linearly from 68.5 to 63.2%, whereas ATTD of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased linearly from 50.4 to 59.6% and from 48.4 to 57.7%, respectively, when increasing the proportion of RCS plus wheat. Fecal N excretion increased from 31.6 (RCS) to 37.2% (RCS) of N intake, whereas urinary N excretion was the lowest (32.8% of N intake) with RCS. Hence, N efficiency (milk N/N intake) decreased linearly with incremental levels of RCS plus wheat, being the lowest when feeding RCS (25.4%), probably due to increased nonprotein N proportion in total dietary N. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives decreased linearly from 378 to 339 mmol/d, which suggests that increasing levels of RCS plus wheat reduced the microbial crude protein flow at the duodenum. Milk yield and milk protein concentration declined linearly from 35.9 to 30.2 kg/d and from 3.20 to 3.01%, respectively, when increasing the proportion of RCS plus wheat. In conclusion, caution should be taken before introducing high levels of RCS plus wheat in diets of high-yielding dairy cows. However, RCS plus wheat can be included up to 30% of the dairy cow diet (DM basis) without a reduction in lactation performance.

show abstract

“…In vitro fermentation methods are widely used to study associative effects, as the digestibility and rumen fermentation of feed can be measured in a relatively simple manner, and numerous samples can be evaluated at one time [17]. Among different in vitro methods, the in vitro gas production technique is commonly used to assess the differences between single and mixed feed substrates for different variables [6,7,13,18,19]. An automated in vitro gas production system (AGPS) was first developed by Pell and Schofield [20]-the AGPS continuously measures the gas produced during in vitro ruminal fermentation with electronic pressure transducers, which are sensitive enough to detect small changes due to associative effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Associative Effects of Rice Straw with Timothy Hay and Corn Grain Using an In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production Technique

Sun

Lee

Jeon

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effects of rice straw with timothy hay and corn grain. Using an automated gas production system, in vitro ruminal fermentation was studied for six substrates: 100% rice straw, 100% timothy hay, 100% corn grain, 50% rice straw and 50% timothy hay, 50% rice straw and 50% corn grain, and 50% rice straw, 25% timothy hay, and 25% corn grain. Incubation was performed in three batches with different rumen fluids to assess the in vitro ruminal gas production kinetics and rumen parameters (pH, NH3-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD)). The associated effects were tested by comparing the observed values of the composited feeds and the weighted means of individual feeds. There was a significant increase in NH3-N when rice straw was fermented with timothy hay, corn grain, or both (p < 0.05). TDMD increased when corn grain was co-fermented, and the total gas and VFA production increased when all three feeds were co-fermented. We conclude that the feed value of rice straw increases when fed to animals along with timothy hay and corn grain.

show abstract

Replacing maize silage with red clover silage in total mixed rations for dairy cows: In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and associative effects

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage

Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage

Replacing maize silage plus soybean meal with red clover silage plus wheat in diets for lactating dairy cows

Evaluation of the Associative Effects of Rice Straw with Timothy Hay and Corn Grain Using an In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production Technique

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About