Replacing starch with resistant starch (Laminaria japonica) improves water quality, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and microbial community in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)

Abstract

It is essential to increase the use of carbohydrates as an energy source and improve protein synthesis and utilization to reduce ammonia nitrogen emissions. A 60‐day cultural experiment was conducted to assess the impact of resistant starch (kelp meal, Laminaria japonica) replacing starch on water quality, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and microbial community of hybrid snakehead. Approximately 1350 experimental fish (11.4 ± 0.15 g) were randomly divided into control group (C, 20% starch) and four resistant starch groups: low replacement group (LR, 15% starch), medium replacement group (MR, 10% starch), high replacement group (HR, 5% starch) and full replacement group (FR, 0% starch). The crude protein and crude fat content of hybrid snakehead fish fed with the FR diet had the most significant improvement (P < 0.05). However, resistant starch also increased the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization in hybrid snakeheads, which decreased the proportion of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in tail water. The minimum nitrogen and phosphorus emission rate was when the starch level was 6.1%. Denitrifying microbes including Gemmobacter, Rhodobacter, Emticicia and Bosea have become much more prevalent in group FR (P < 0.05). In general, replacing starch with resistant starch can enhance the rate at which nitrogen and phosphorus are used in feeding, lessening water pollution and altering environmental microbial composition. Practitioner Points Resistant starch (RS) improves whole fish nutritional content. Resistant starch improves dietary nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. Resistant starch acts as a carbon source and encourages the colonization of denitrifying bacteria in water.

Effects of Co-Fermented Feed Using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

“…The fish were acclimated in the aquaculture system and fed with basic diets for 2 weeks. The aquaculture system was the same one used by Wang et al [21]. After acclimatization, 300 healthy fish with similar physical size (5.29 ± 0.02 g) were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with triplicates of 50 fish per tank.…”

Flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multidetector: A robust approach for the separation and characterization of resistant starch

“…RS has been applied in the food industry, medical care, material science, and other fields ( Fig. 1 ) ( Hernandez-Hernandez et al, 2023 , Liang et al, 2023 , Tekin and Dincer, 2023 , Thongsomboon et al, 2023 , Wang et al, 2023 , Wen et al, 2023 ).…”