Replication of sub-micrometre features using microsystems technology

Pirskanen, J.; Immonen, J.; Kalima, Valtteri; Pietarinen, Juha; Siitonen, Samuli; Kuittinen, Markku; Mönkkönen, Kari; Pakkanen, Tuula T.; Suvanto, Mika; Pääkkönen, Esko J.

doi:10.1179/174328905x64722

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Two regions in the cam profile, the injection ascent and the holding ascent, define the two linear relationships between cam rotation angle and the plunger displacement, corresponding to the filling and holding stages of the process. The melt volume for this mechanical switchover, during which the plunger decelerates from injection velocity to packing velocity, amounts to only 2 mm 3 . The packing stage is achieved within the relatively smooth section of the cam profile, under the control of the packing velocity profile.…”

Section: Machine and Data Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Pirskanen et al [3], the diameter of the injection plunger has an effect on the replication quality. However, a consistent diameter of 4.89 mm was used for all experiments in this study.…”

Section: Machine and Data Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of the whole molding with 0.99 mm thickness of the remaining sprue and 0.11 mm thickness of the gap ring is 148 mm 3 , according to the modeling software. Figure 3d displays detailed dimensions of a molded part, which has a volume and surface area of around 18 mm 3 and 112 mm 2 , respectively. Thus, the ratio of surface area to volume and the ratio of part weight to the whole shot weight (including runner system) were around 6 and 24%, respectively.…”

Section: Mold Insert and Part Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of reported research [1,3,4] has been devoted to empirical studies of the effects of machine variables on the quality of the molded product. Thus, conclusions made in these studies depend on the selected machine variables and the quality parameters of the different end products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the metering size could be eliminated from the machine variables by setting it at an optimum level. Pirskanen et al [3] used a special mold insert to conduct a full factorial design comprising 32 test runs to study the effects of the following five factors on product quality: injection speed, metering size, vacuum, holding pressure, and diameter of the plunger. It was found that the diameter of the plunger, shot size, and injection speed had the greatest effects on replication of the submicrometer features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the microinjection molding process

Chu

Kamal

Derdouri

et al. 2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The commonly used plunger injection system in the microinjection molding (μIM) process has separate screw melting, metering, and injection units. As a result, extra operating parameters and complexity are introduced, in comparison with conventional injection molding. In this study, a μIM machine was used to obtain micromoldings of polyoxymethylene, high‐density polyethylene, and polycarbonate. A data acquisition system was developed to record traces of data regarding the evolution of process variables with time. Cavity filling was followed, at the millisecond time scale, using short‐shot experiments and traces of injection pressure, runner pressure, and plunger position. Six characteristic process parameters (CPPs) were defined to characterize both the cavity filling and packing stages. The method of design of experiments was used to investigate the effects of machine settings on the CPPs. Metering size, which was optimized for each set of machine variables, was also used as a CPP. Injection speed was the most significant factor affecting plunger velocity and injection pressure during cavity filling, while the effects of mold and melt temperature varied with the material and machine settings. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Machine and Data Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Machine and Data Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mold Insert and Part Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the microinjection molding process

Chu

Kamal

Derdouri

et al. 2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Microfluidics: Recent Advances Toward Lab‐on‐Chip Applications in Bioanalysis

Sharma

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Microfluidics is an emerging technology of flow and control of fluids in microscale volume that offers highly specialized solutions to rapid, sensitive, noninvasive analysis and measurements in various engineering applications. When combined with microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), microfluidics technology has shown remarkable developments in small‐scale devices for biosensing, chemical solutions, and precise detection of particles at a higher rate. MEMS‐inspired microfluidics technology can contribute to the highly sensitive, recyclable, and portable sensing platforms for large‐scale integration devices. In this review, the history and developmental phases occurring in MEMS are detailed. Finally, this review is concluded with future scope and guidelines for enabling the various approaches to overcome the obstacles and the mass commercialization of microfluidic devices. Recent applications of microfluidics in biosensing are also highlighted where research should be focused in the future.

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Injection molding of a diffractive optical element

Tofteberg

Amédro

Andreassen

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The injection molding of a microfeatured component, a diffractive optical element, was studied. The component has a wave‐like pattern on the surface, with amplitude 0.5 μm and wavelength 3 μm. Two different polymers were used: a polymethylmethacrylate and an ethylene‐norbornene copolymer (cyclic olefin copolymer). The topography was investigated using white light interferometry (WLI), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A new WLI‐based technique is proposed for rapid quantification of the replication of periodic surface patterns. This technique gives almost the same information regarding the degree of replication as AFM but can be performed much faster. Quantitative data on the degree of replication as function of processing conditions are presented. At optimal conditions, almost perfect replication is obtained using both materials. At suboptimal conditions, it is observed that the degree of replication increases with increasing injection velocity and increasing mold temperature, with similar characteristics for both materials. The difference in replication quality between the two materials seems to be related to the different temperature dependencies of the viscosities. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Replication of sub-micrometre features using microsystems technology

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of the microinjection molding process

Characterization of the microinjection molding process

Microfluidics: Recent Advances Toward Lab‐on‐Chip Applications in Bioanalysis

Injection molding of a diffractive optical element

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