Reply to Discussion by J. R. Hearst and R. C. Carlson

Hearst, J.R.; Carlson, R.W.

doi:10.1190/1.1486633

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The rate of AMT decomposition was reduced at longer wavelengths paralleling the decreasing absorption of AMT. Given AMT's great affinity for DNA, only 0.3% exists free in solution (Hearst, 1981) under our irradiation conditions.…”

Section: Linearized Plasmid Pbr322 D N a Was Irradiatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE FOR AMT CROSSLINKING OF pBR322 DNA

Gasparro

Saffran

Cantor

et al. 1984

Photochem & Photobiology

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The wavelength dependence for 4′aminomethyl‐4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen crosslinking of a linearized plasmid DNA (pBR322) by narrow band UV‐A light (298–382 nm) has been determined. Maximal levels of crosslinking occurred with light in the 322–346 nm range. Crosslinks were shown to be photoreversible by shorter wavelength photons (298 and 310 nm). The correlation between the wavelength dependence for crosslink formation and the optimal wavelength for most psoralen action spectra further supports the notion that crosslinks are the major lesion responsible for the effectiveness of psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapies.

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Section: Linearized Plasmid Pbr322 D N a Was Irradiatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with light from 298 to 382 nm in the presence of AMT. A M T was selected because of its high dark binding affinity and its greater tendency to form crosslinks (Hearst, 1981). The extent of crosslinking was determined by denaturing the DNA, then running it on a non-denaturing agar<)se gel.…”

Section: Linearized Plasmid Pbr322 D N a Was Irradiatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE FOR AMT CROSSLINKING OF pBR322 DNA

Gasparro

Saffran

Cantor

et al. 1984

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Similar models for semiflexible chain have been studied by Kratky and Porod, Harris and Hearse, Freed, Fixman and Kovac, Ha and Thirumalai, and others. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Interest in these semiflexible chain models is revived by the effort to model singlemolecule force measurements of proteins and DNAs. Our emphasis here is to formulate the semiflexible model using the analog to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck random walk process and thus incorporate the persistence length into the Rouse model in a natural and rigorous way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecule dynamics of semiflexible Gaussian chains

Yang

Witkoskie

Cao

2002

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Theory of linear viscoelasticity of semiflexible rods in dilute solutionA semiflexible Gaussian chain model is used to determine the statistics and correlations of single-molecule fluorescence resonant energy transfer ͑FRET͒ experiments on biological polymers. The model incorporates a persistence length in a Rouse chain and describes single-chain dynamics with normal modes. The hydrodynamic interaction is included in the dynamics of the semiflexible Gaussian chain on the preaveraging level. The distribution functions of the fluorescence lifetime and the FRET efficiency provide direct measures of the chain stiffness, and their correlation functions probe the intrachain dynamics at the single-molecule level. When measured with finite time resolution, the instantaneous diffusion coefficient for FRET is much smaller in the collapsed structure than in the coiled structure, and the variation has a quadratic dependence on the donoracceptor distance. In the fast reaction limit, single-molecule FRET lifetime measurements can be used to map out the equilibrium distribution function of interfluorophore distance. As an example of microrheology, the intrinsic viscoelasticity can be extracted from single-molecule tracking of the Brownian dynamics of polymers in solution.

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“…There is support for this hypothesis. For example, Hearst, Koresko, and Poppen (1964) observed pigeons to engage in stereotyped sequences of behavior during a VI schedule. These stereotyped sequences were more likely to develop during long VI schedules than during short ones, which is consistent with the fact that long VI schedules tend to generate long IRTs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Behavior Produced by Variable‐interval Schedules of Reinforcement

Pear

1985

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The spatiotemporal patterns of behavior exhibited by two pigeons during a variable-interval 15-second schedule of food reinforcement, a variable-interval 5-minute schedule, and then extinction of key pecking were recorded using an apparatus that continuously tracked the position of the bird in the experimental chamber. The variable-interval 15-second schedule produced a close-to-key pattern between reinforcements with two types of regular excursions from the region of the key frequently occurring after reinforcement. Subsequent exposure to the variable-interval 5-minute schedule produced more extended and extremely regular patterns between responses. Reinstatement of the variable-interval 15-second schedule reestablished the close-to-key pattern with regular excursions frequently occurring after reinforcement. During extinction the spatiotemporal patterns that had developed during the variable-interval 5-minute schedule reappeared and gradually dissipated. These patterns may have been a form of superstitious behavior.

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Reply to Discussion by J. R. Hearst and R. C. Carlson

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE FOR AMT CROSSLINKING OF pBR322 DNA

WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE FOR AMT CROSSLINKING OF pBR322 DNA

Single-molecule dynamics of semiflexible Gaussian chains

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Behavior Produced by Variable‐interval Schedules of Reinforcement

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