Report on Menjangan Island's Coral Reef: A Bali Barat National Park Marine Protected Area

Doherty, Orla; Milner, Carol; Dustan, Phillip; Campbell, Stuart J.; Pardede, Shinta; Kartawijaya, Tasrif; Alling, A.

doi:10.5479/si.00775630.599

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Timeline of significant management activities, ecological events and reef studies around Menjangan Island; references refer to the work in which the studies were described, though the publication year may differ from the study year. organized trainings and provided a sea patrol to act against dynamite and cyanide fishing around Menjangan Island (Syarif, 2009;Doherty et al, 2013). Initially, there was broad stakeholder participation, but lack of funds and human resources led to its disintegration sometime shortly after 2008 (Yudasmara, 2010;Mahmud et al, 2015a;Doherty et al, 2013).…”

Section: History Of Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…organized trainings and provided a sea patrol to act against dynamite and cyanide fishing around Menjangan Island (Syarif, 2009;Doherty et al, 2013). Initially, there was broad stakeholder participation, but lack of funds and human resources led to its disintegration sometime shortly after 2008 (Yudasmara, 2010;Mahmud et al, 2015a;Doherty et al, 2013).…”

Section: History Of Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… plastic and other types of litter (Polunin et al, 1983;Setiasih, 2003;Turak and DeVantier, 2013;Doherty et al, 2013);  outbreaks of COTS (Wijonarno, 1999;Boekschoten et al, 2000;Doherty et al, 2013) and…”

Section: Reef Stressors In Nw Balimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drupella cornus (Kertaharja, 2009);  coral bleaching in 2009 (Kertaharja, 2009) and 2010 (Setiasih and Wilson, 2010);  coral mining (Robinson et al, 1981;Polunin et al,1983;Wijonarno, 1999);  dynamite, cyanide and other destructive fishing methods (Robinson et al, 1981;Polunin et al, 1983;Wijonarno, 1999;Boekschoten et al, 2000;Setiasih, 2003;Doherty et al, 2013);  snorkeling and diving practices that damage coral (Wijonarno, 1999;Boekschoten et al, 2000;Setiasih, 2003;Doherty et al, 2013);  anchoring on coral (Wijonarno, 1999;Doherty et al, 2013);  unclear national park regulations and zone boundaries (Wijonarno, 1999;Doherty et al, 2013);  lack of legal basis for co-management of the park (Setiasih, 2003;Satria and Matsuda, 2004); and  ineffective exit strategies for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other supporting institutions (Setiasih, 2003;Doherty et al, 2013).…”

Section: Reef Stressors In Nw Balimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tension between fishing, Hindu religious activities and marine recreation at Menjangan Island is longstanding (Mahmud et al, 2015a;Doherty et al, 2013). In 2000, residents of surrounding villages formed the Fishermen's Group of Banyumandi (Kelompok Nelayan Banyumandi) in Pejarakan Village and in 2001 the Cultural Governing Body (Badan Pengelola Adat) of Sumber Klampok (Mahmud et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Marine Management At Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Changes in the Coral Reef Communities of Indonesia's Bali Barat National Park, 2011–2016

Suparno¹,

Currier²,

Milner³

et al. 2019

Atoll Research Bulletin

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The coral reefs of Bali Barat National Park, one of Indonesia’s oldest marine protected areas, are known for their high biodiversity and excellent sport diving; however, stressors such as destructive fishing practices, elevated water temperatures, damage from anchors and careless visitors have been observed on these reefs for decades. The purpose of this study was to document and quantify changes in the fish and stony coral community structure of reefs within and outside the boundaries of Bali Barat National Park from 2011 to 2016, including its most popular dive site, Menjangan Island. The results provide further knowledge about the reefs of NW Bali and the efficacy of current management practices, and they will inform management decisions for locally managed reef stewardship programs. Between 2011 and 2016 the reefs of NW Bali lost 44.4% of their living coral cover, declining from 36% to 20% overall cover. Mortality was principally attributed to thermal bleaching caused by persistently high sea temperatures, which peaked in January 2016 at 32.2°C, coinciding with the third documented global bleaching event. Approximately one third of all stony corals were found to be bleached or recently dead. Despite the decline in coral cover, stony coral genus richness remained unchanged, with 56 genera recorded in both years, representing a combined total of 59 distinct genera. Mean fish biomass at Menjangan Island increased, with herbivorous fish biomass quadrupling, presumably due to decreased fishing effort at the island. The abundance of fish at all sites—both inside and outside the park—more than doubled, indicating a predominance of small fish at sites where fish biomass did not correspondingly rise. Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci), not observed on transects in 2011, were found in 2016 in areas of relatively high disturbance from marine recreation and possible eutrophication from shrimp farm effluent and mainland runoff. Patterns of coral cover and damage, fish abundance and biomass, and lost fishing gear suggest that management activities inside and outside the park have reduced ecological damage. Local community conservation groups are practicing one or more of the following at Menjangan Island and in some of the locally managed conservation areas: installing moorings, removing coral predators (crown-of-thorns starfish and Drupella snails), reducing fishing pressure, securing live coral fragments back onto the reef and planting mangroves. These nature groups are raising community awareness about the importance of NW Bali’s marine ecology to their economic and cultural wellbeing.

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Section: History Of Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reef Stressors In Nw Balimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reef Stressors In Nw Balimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marine Management At Bali Barat National Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Changes in the Coral Reef Communities of Indonesia's Bali Barat National Park, 2011–2016

Suparno¹,

Currier²,

Milner³

et al. 2019

Atoll Research Bulletin

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Can Coral Reef Restoration Programmes Facilitate Changes in Environmental Attitudes? A Case Study on a Rural Fisher Community in North Bali, Indonesia

Boakes,

Mahyuni,

Hall

et al. 2023

Hum Ecol

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There is currently limited research assessing the ecological potential of coral restoration programmes of habitat enhancement and restoration of benthic and mobile populations for influencing the attitudes (and subsequent behaviours) of the communities where they are based. Our qualitative study investigated the impact of a coral reef restoration programmes on local environmental attitudes in a rural fishing community in north Bali, Indonesia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals and multi-stakeholder focus groups (n = 31) in Tianyar Village, where the NGO ‘North Bali Reef Conservation’ (‘Yowana Bhakti Segara’) was based. Our results highlight several factors that influenced environmental behaviours, including perceived value of coral reefs (e.g.,changes in fishing yield), drivers of support for coral reef restoration (e.g., local leaders’ influence) and barriers to coral reef restoration support (e.g., lack of investment). Overall, our data indicate that the restoration programme has influenced positive environmental attitudes within the community through improvements in waste management, increased support for restoration work, and the establishment of new environmental regulations. Based on our results, we make five recommendations: (1) continuing environmental education within the community, (2) strengthening regulations and improving enforcement, (3) increasing financial and logistical support for waste management and ecotourism, (4) continuing the construction and deployment of artificial reefs, ensuring ‘best practice’ recommendations are followed, and (5) utilising the influence of local leaders to create positive environmental behaviours.

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Coral reef conservation in Bali in light of international best practice, a literature review

Boakes

Hall

Ampou

et al. 2022

Journal for Nature Conservation

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Report on Menjangan Island's Coral Reef: A Bali Barat National Park Marine Protected Area

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Ecological Changes in the Coral Reef Communities of Indonesia's Bali Barat National Park, 2011–2016

Ecological Changes in the Coral Reef Communities of Indonesia's Bali Barat National Park, 2011–2016

Can Coral Reef Restoration Programmes Facilitate Changes in Environmental Attitudes? A Case Study on a Rural Fisher Community in North Bali, Indonesia

Coral reef conservation in Bali in light of international best practice, a literature review

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