Reported number of sexual partners: comparison of data from four African longitudinal studies

Todd, Jim; Cremin, Íde; McGrath, Nuala; Bwanika, J-B; Wringe, Alison; Marston, Milly; Kasamba, Ivan; Mushati, Phyllis; Lutalo, Tom; Hosegood, Victoria; Żaba, Basia

doi:10.1136/sti.2008.033985

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Data from five cohorts in Uganda, Zimbabwe and South Africa indicates that the majority of ‘younger old’ men and a considerable minority of women aged 40-60 years remained sexually active. 8 Data from ‘older old’ adults in Southwestern Nigeria shows that around a quarter of adults aged 65-102 had extra-marital sex at least once since turning 65. 9 Furthermore, several studies have shown that older adults are less likely to use condoms than younger age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi

2012

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Summary Research on HIV infection and sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on individuals aged 15-49 under the assumption that both become less relevant for older individuals. We test this assumption using data from rural Malawi to compare sexual behaviour and HIV infection for individuals aged 15-49 with individuals aged 50-64 and 65+. Although general declines with age were observed, levels of sexual activity and HIV remained considerable: 26.7% and 73.8% of women and men aged 65+ reported having sex in the last year; men's average number of sexual partners remained above 1; and HIV prevalence is significantly higher for men aged 50-64 (8.9%) than men aged 15-49 (4.1%). We conclude that older populations are relevant to studies of sexual behaviour and HIV risk. Their importance is likely to increase as access to ARVs in Africa increases. We recommend inclusion of adults over 49 in African HIV/AIDS research and prevention efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi

2012

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“…Although monogamous relationships are the most common relationships between a man and a woman, evidence suggests that many sexually active people, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, have more than one sexual partner (Morris & Kretzschmar, 1997; Todd et al, 2009). For instance, in one study, conducted in five urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa, 26.5% of men and 14.4% of women reported being involved in multiple relationships (Lagarde et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple Partners and Condom Use among Students at a South African University

Heeren

Mandeya

Jemmott

et al. 2014

Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work

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The prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is the highest in the world. Young people, including university students, are at risk. Many sexually active young people have multiple partners, but little is known about how university students who have multiple partners differ from those who do not. This study examined such differences among randomly selected first-year students at a university in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa who completed a confidential questionnaire via audio computer-assisted self-interviewing. Of 201 participants, 93 (46.3%) reported sexual intercourse in the previous 3 months. Of those, 52 (55.91%) reported sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 3 months. Controlling for gender, students who reported multiple partners were younger at first coitus, had a greater number of lifetime coital partners, reported more frequent coitus and unprotected coitus but a lower proportion of condom-protected coital acts in the past 3 months, than did those reporting only one partner. However, those reporting multiple partners and one partner did not differ in religiosity, drinking problems, or victimization by childhood sexual abuse. HIV/STD risk reduction interventions must address unprotected coitus and failure to use condoms among university students reporting multiple partners.

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“…18 35 38 39 42 43 The gender-specific HIV transmission probability estimates per vaginal and anal act and the relative increase in HIV acquisition risk during RAI (RR RAI =4 to 20) (online Appendix C) are based on meta-analyses of observational studies 11–14. The limited data on HIV risk per insertive anal intercourse (IAI) indicate a lower risk than for RAI 10 11 14.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future role of rectal and vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV infection in heterosexual populations: implications for product development and prevention

et al. 2011

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Objectives To compare the potential impact of rectal(RMB), vaginal(VMB) and bi-compartment(RVMB) (applied vaginally and protective during vaginal and anal intercourse) microbicides to prevent HIV in various heterosexual populations. To understand when a RMB is as useful than a VMB for females practicing anal intercourse(AI). Methods Mathematical model was used to assess the population-level impact (cumulative fraction of new HIV infections prevented(CFP)) of the 3 different microbicides in various intervention scenarios and prevalence settings. We derived the break-even RMB efficacy required to reduce a female’s cumulative risk of HIV infection by the same amount than a VMB. Results Under optimistic coverage (fast roll-out, 100% uptake), a 50% efficacious VMB used in 75% of sex acts in population without AI may prevent ~33%[27,42%] new total (males and females combined) HIV infections over 25 years. The 25-year CFP reduces to ~25%[20,32%] and 17% [13,23%] if uptake decreases to 75% and 50%, respectively. Similar loss of impact (by 25–50%) is observed if the same VMB is introduced in populations with 5–10% AI and for RRRAI=4–20. A RMB is as useful as a VMB (i.e. break-even) in populations with 5% AI if RRRAI=20, and in populations with 15–20% AI if RRRAI=4, independently of adherence as long as it is the same with both products. The 10-year CFP with a RVMB is 2-fold larger than for a VMB or RMB when AI=10% and RRRAI=10. Conclusion Even low AI frequency can compromise the impact of VMB interventions. RMB and RVMB will be important prevention tools for heterosexual populations.

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Reported number of sexual partners: comparison of data from four African longitudinal studies

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi

HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi

Multiple Partners and Condom Use among Students at a South African University

The future role of rectal and vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV infection in heterosexual populations: implications for product development and prevention

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