Reporting efficiency during a measles outbreak in New York City, 1991.

Davis, Steven F.; Strebel, Peter M.; Atkinson, William L.; Markowitz, L. E.; Sutter, Roland W.; Scanlon, Kelley S.; Friedman, Samuel; Hadler, Stephen C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.83.7.1011

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Using a capture-recapture methodology that has previously been used to evaluate the completeness of reporting of vaccinepreventable diseases [20][21][22][23], we estimated that 259 measlesrelated deaths occurred in the United States from 1987 through 1992. The overall reporting efficiencies were 64% for the NCHS multiple-cause mortality database and 71% for the NIP measles surveillance system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987–2002

Gindler

Tinker

Markowitz

et al. 2004

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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We used capture-recapture methodology to estimate total deaths and efficiency of reporting for 2 systems. During 1987-1992, there were 165 measles-associated deaths in the multiple-cause mortality database at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and 184 reported to the measles surveillance system at the National Immunization Program (NIP). We estimated that 259 measles deaths actually occurred; the reporting efficiencies were 64% for the NCHS and 71% for the NIP. Overall the death-to-case ratio was 2.54 and 2.83 deaths/1000 reported cases, using the NCHS and NIP data, respectively. Pneumonia was a complication among 67% of measles-related deaths in the NCHS data and 86% of deaths in the NIP data. Encephalitis was reported in 11% of deaths in both databases. Preexisting conditions related to immune deficiency were reported for 16% of deaths in the NCHS system and 14% in the NIP; the most common was human immunodeficiency virus infection. Overall, 90% of deaths reported to the NIP occurred in persons who had not been vaccinated against measles. During 1993-1999, only 1 acute measles-related death was reported to the NCHS and no deaths were reported to the NIP. This is consistent with the extremely low reported incidence of measles in the United States during these years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987–2002

Gindler

Tinker

Markowitz

et al. 2004

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The minimum value for the proportion of cases seeking medical attention is largely based on estimates of the maximal efficiency of reporting systems. It has been estimated that in the UK [6], US [7,8] and Australia [9], between 50% and 65% of measles cases are reported to the authorities in the population [6] or during outbreaks [8,9] or are medically attended [7]. The UK study, based on a simple model, comes to the conclusion that an average of 56% of measles cases was reported between 1957 and 1977.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The average cost of measles cases and adverse events following vaccination in industrialised countries

et al. 2002

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Background: Even though the annual incidence rate of measles has dramatically decreased in industrialised countries since the implementation of universal immunisation programmes, cases continue to occur in countries where endemic measles transmission has been interrupted and in countries where adequate levels of immunisation coverage have not been maintained. The objective of this study is to develop a model to estimate the average cost per measles case and per adverse event following measles immunisation using the Netherlands (NL), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada as examples.

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“…NE, even in outbreak situations, is reported as no higher than 40%-60% in two developed countries [6,7]. For countries in the Americas and Europe, the estimated number of measles cases for 2000 was based on the number of reported measles cases for the year 2000 and adjusted for an assumed minimum NE of 40% (exceptions are Germany, Italy, and Ireland, which fall under method 2).…”

Section: Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Measles in the Year 2000—A Model that Uses Country‐Specific Indicators

Stein¹,

et al. 2003

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The estimation of the global burden of measles is challenging in the absence of reliable and comparable surveillance systems worldwide. A static model is described that enables estimation of measles morbidity, mortality, and disability for the year 2000 on the basis of country-specific information (i.e., demographic profile, vaccine coverage, and estimates of case-fatality ratios). This approach estimated a global incidence of 39.9 million measles cases, 777,000 deaths, and 28 million disability-adjusted life years. The World Health Organization regions of Africa and Southeast Asia had 70% of incident cases and 84% of measles-related deaths; 11 countries alone (Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, Uganda) account for 66% of deaths. This approach quantifies the measles burden by considering country-specific indicators, which can be updated, permitting an assessment of country, regional, and global changes in the burden associated with measles infection.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about 875,000 children died of measles in 1999 [1]. This is 56% of all estimated deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood for that year, making measles the leading cause of vaccine-preventable child mortality. In 1989 the World Health Assembly set specific goals for the reduction in measles morbidity and mortality [2]. The continued commitment and effort is shown in the recent Strategic Plan for Measles Mortality and Morbidity Reduction [3].Because measles is both an epidemic and endemic

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Reporting efficiency during a measles outbreak in New York City, 1991.

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987–2002

Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987–2002

The average cost of measles cases and adverse events following vaccination in industrialised countries

The Global Burden of Measles in the Year 2000—A Model that Uses Country‐Specific Indicators

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