Reporting of systematic reviews of micronutrients and health: a critical appraisal

Chung, Mei; Balk, Ethan M; Ip, Stanley; Raman, Gowri; Yu, Winifred W; Trikalinos, Thomas A; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Yetley, Elizabeth A; Lau, Joseph

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26821

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…In contrast, drug effects tend to be monovalent, monotonic, and larger in their effect sizes and have responses that vary in proportion to dose. 70 Standardized procedures have been developed to support provision of the evidence needed for credible systematic reviews involving dietary constituents, 10,71,72 but not all published systematic studies or meta-analyses use them.…”

Section: Evaluating the Impact Of Chromium On Glycemic Control Despimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

2016

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Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) believe that chromium-containing supplements will help control their disease, but the evidence is mixed. This narrative review examines the efficacy of chromium supplements for improving glycemic control as measured by decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using systematic search criteria, 20 randomized controlled trials of chromium supplementation in T2DM patients were identified. Clinically meaningful treatment goals were defined as an FPG of 7.2 mmol/dL, a decline in HbA1c to 7%, or a decrease of 0.5% in HbA1c. In only a few randomized controlled trials did FPG (5 of 20), HbA1c (3 of 14), or both (1 of 14) reach the treatment goals with chromium supplementation. HbA1c declined by 0.5% in 5 of 14 studies. On the basis of the low strength of existing evidence, chromium supplements have limited effectiveness, and there is little rationale to recommend their use for glycemic control in patients with existing T2DM. Future meta-analyses should include only high-quality studies with similar forms of chromium and comparable inclusion/exclusion criteria to provide scientifically sound recommendations for clinicians.

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Section: Evaluating the Impact Of Chromium On Glycemic Control Despimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

2016

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“…Maternal vitamin D sufficiency is required for proper fetal tooth development as well as adequate calcium. Maternal and infant sufficiency of vitamin D also appears to greatly reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) [11,27,39].…”

Section: Pre and Postnatal Vitamin D Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary role of sufficient vitamin D during youth and adolescence is essential for bone mineral density and other musculoskeletal growth [10,11,27].…”

Section: Vitamin D Benefits During Youth and Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that sufficient vitamin D levels in adulthood may significantly reduce the risk for many types of cancer, multiple sclerosis and tuberculosis [9][10][11].…”

Section: Vitamin D Benefits In Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D was classified as a vitamin in the early 20 th century and in the second half of the 20 th century as a prohormone ("conditional" vitamin) [10,11]. There is a growing awareness that vitamin D is an essential nutrient required for optimal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D, Optimal Health and Athletic Performance: A Review Study

Chatterjee¹,

Mondal²,

Borman³

et al. 2014

IJNFS

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Abstract:Background: Vitamin D, also known as calciferol, is a secosteroid hormone and an essential nutrient responsible for multiple biological functions in the human body. Functionally it is different from all other fat soluble vitamins. The body can synthesis it with the help of sunlight. Objective of the Study: The specific objective of this review article is to explore the emergence of vitamin D as an important nutrient for the maintenances of optimal health and athletic performance. Acquisition of Evidence: Evidences were gathered through Pubmed searching. Studies directly matched and fulfill the primary objective of this article were considered, reviewed properly and presented systematically. Findings: Commonly Vitamin D is well recognized for its active role in calcium and phosphorous homeostasis in the human body. In recent era scientists have identified that almost every cell in the body express the vitamin D receptor, physiologically play a significant role in achieving optimal health and better athletic performance. Active from of Vitamin D plays an important role for the prevention of many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, arthritis etc. Conclusion: Vitamin D is a potent nutrient and working as a regulator of several physiological functions in the human body. Some of these functions are well recognized but many are yet to be researched to understand the complete mechanism of action as it plays in the human body.

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Empirical evaluation of meta‐analytic approaches for nutrient and health outcome dose‐response data

Schmid

Lichtenstein

et al. 2013

Research Synthesis Methods

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The objective of this study is to empirically compare alternative meta-analytic methods for combining dose-response data from epidemiological studies. We identified meta-analyses of epidemiological studies that analyzed the association between a single nutrient and a dichotomous outcome. For each topic, we performed meta-analyses of odds ratios with five approaches: using extreme exposure categories only, two-step approach (first calculated study-specific effects then combined across studies) using unadjusted data, two-step approach using adjusted data, one-step approach (analyzed all data in one regression model) using unadjusted data, and one-step approach using adjusted data. Meta-analyses including only extreme exposure categories gave consistently bigger effects and wider confidence intervals than meta-analyses using all data. Confidence intervals of effect sizes were generally wider in meta-analyses with the two-step approach, compared with the one-step approach. Meta-analyses using unadjusted data and adjusted data differed, with no consistent pattern of discordance in direction, statistical significance, or magnitude of effect. We discourage using meta-analysis approaches that only use data from extreme exposure categories. The one step approach generally has higher precision than the two-step approach. Sensitivity analysis comparing results between meta-analyses of adjusted and unadjusted data may be useful in indicating the presence of confounding.

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Reporting of systematic reviews of micronutrients and health: a critical appraisal

Abstract: The reporting quality of SRs has improved 3 y after publication of SR reporting standards, but the reporting of nutrition variables has not. Improved adherence to consensus methods and reporting standards should improve the utility of nutrition SRs.

Cited by 43 publications

References 174 publications

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

Vitamin D, Optimal Health and Athletic Performance: A Review Study

Empirical evaluation of meta‐analytic approaches for nutrient and health outcome dose‐response data

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