Representing Scholarly Claims in Internet Digital Libraries: A Knowledge Modelling Approach

Shum, Simon Buckingham; Motta, Enrico; Domingue, John

doi:10.1007/3-540-48155-9_26

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Buckingham Shum, Motta, and Domingue (1999) propose a knowledge‐modeling approach to indexing scholarly documents. It is based on representing scholarly claims by categorizing the contribution of a paper and its relationship to earlier work.…”

Section: Supporting Searchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matching is a persistent problem in IR (Bates, 1986; Blair & Maron, 1985). Indexing documents based on the task‐doer community's understanding of what types of information contribute to typical tasks and not merely on the basis of topicality would be an option (Buckingham Shum et al, 1999). It seems that enriching the thesaurus by relations representing users' typical work problems may improve retrieval performance (Rada & Barlow, 1991).…”

Section: Supporting Searchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Task‐based information searching

Vakkari

2003

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

294

232

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IntroductionThe rationale for using information systems is to find information that helps us in our daily activities, be they tasks or interests. Systems are expected to support us in searching for and identifying useful information. Although the activities and tasks performed by humans generate information needs and searching, they have attracted little attention in studies of information searching. Such studies have concentrated on search tasks rather than the activities that trigger them. It is obvious that our understanding of information searching is only partial, if we are not able to connect aspects of searching to the related task. The expected contribution of information to the task is reflected in relevance assessments of the information items found, and in the search tactics and use of the system in general. Taking the task into account seems to be a necessary condition for understanding and explaining information searching, and, by extension, for effective systems design. Scope and ApproachIn this chapter, I shall review studies on the relationship between task performance and information searching by end-users. I focus mainly on 41 3 414 Annual Review of information Science and Technology information searching in electronic environments, especially in information retrieval (IR) systems. The process of information searching is cyclical, but it can be broken down into the following components:The kind of information that is needed and searched forThe query formulation process, including the choice of search terms and operators Search tacticsThe use of search support tools Relevance and utility judgments regarding the information found Several approaches to characterizing tasks in the literature are in use. In the studies I have found on information searching, tasks have been either characterized as a process consisting of several stages, or this aspect has been left open. In the latter case, the task has been treated as a given and left without characterization; only its context being described. A typical example is observing university students searching for information for study purposes without explicating those purposes. In these studies, the point of departure is searching, not the work task that produces it.Only a limited number of studies relate tasks to searching. Because of this, I take into account studies based on natural search goals, insofar as they further our understanding of task-based searching. I also review a few studies based on assigned search goals. In general, the models and findings are scattered and difficult to integrate into the framework of task-based searching.Ideally, a study should connect the task with the search process in order to analyze their interaction (Belkin, 1990). This sort of study typically requires a longitudinal research design. Due to the rarity of such process analyses, studies that analyze the relation between tasks and searching synchronously are also included. I focus principally on the literature published after 1990 simply because the number of empir...

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Section: Supporting Searchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supporting Searchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task‐based information searching

Vakkari

2003

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

294

232

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“…In particular, we discuss the application of our approach to three application domains: electronic news publishing , scholarly discourse (Buckingham-Shum et al, 1999) and medical guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

Motta

Shum

Domingue

2000

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Abstract. In this paper we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of associating formal knowledge models to archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge services, beyond what is available using 'standard' information retrieval and search facilities. The approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In the paper we give an overview of the approach and discuss its application to the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines.

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“…ClaiMaker (Buckingham Shum et al, 1999;In Press;Uren et al, 2003; In Press) is a hypertext system designed specifically to represent discourse as a process of semiosis within the scholarly domain. In order to achieve this, ClaiMaker takes a semiformal approach, making use of constrained base relational classes to assist computational services, but imposing no constraints on how these relations are rendered, how nodes in the network are expressed, or how nodes are classified.…”

Section: Claimakermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a specific example of sensemaking in a contested domain, we focus on e-Science, specifically the work of publishing and contesting research knowledge using the conventions of scholarly discourse. Elsewhere, we have described the design rationale, functionality and user evaluation studies around ClaiMaker 1 , a software tool that is serving as a research vehicle (Buckingham Shum et al, 1999;In Press;Uren et al, 2003;In Press). This paper explores a different aspect, seeking to explain the system's theoretical foundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling discourse in contested domains: A semiotic and cognitive framework

Mancini

Shum

2006

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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This paper examines the representational requirements for interactive, collaborative systems intended to support sensemaking and argumentation over contested issues. We argue that a perspective supported by semiotic and cognitively oriented discourse analyses offers both theoretical insights and motivates representational requirements for the semantics of tools for contesting meaning. We introduce our semiotic approach, highlighting its implications for discourse representation, before describing a research system (ClaiMaker) designed to support the construction of scholarly argumentation by allowing analysts to publish and contest 'claims' about scientific contributions. We show how ClaiMaker's representational scheme is grounded in specific assumptions concerning the nature of explicit modelling, and the evolution of meaning within a discourse community. These characteristics allow the system to represent scholarly discourse as a dynamic process, in the form of continuously evolving structures. A cognitively oriented discourse analysis then shows how the use of a small set of cognitive relational primitives in the underlying ontology opens possibilities for offering users advanced forms of computational service for analysing collectively constructed argumentation networks.

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Representing Scholarly Claims in Internet Digital Libraries: A Knowledge Modelling Approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Task‐based information searching

Task‐based information searching

Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

Modelling discourse in contested domains: A semiotic and cognitive framework

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