Repression and Monarchical Resilience in the Arab Gulf States

Legrenzi, Matteo; Fred, Lawson H.

doi:10.1080/03932729.2017.1264839

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Consider, for instance, that hydrocarbons in non-Gulf oil exporters have significantly lower shares of GDP (less than one-quarter) and total exports (just over 50%) than Gulf states at one-third and 80% respectively [51] . The Gulf states, in fact, display varying degrees of rentierism and the extent of the ‘curse’ has been shaped by factors such as tribal and sectarian affiliations [52] , [53] , ownership structure of state-owned companies [54] , [55] , [56] , political repression [57] , [58] , [59] , historical relationships with the merchant class [60] , [61] , relatively small population size [62] , [63] , [64] , and the global outlook of their leaders [65] , [66] . These and other refinements to the concept have strengthened, but not upended, its rigor, relevance, and influence in analyses of the Gulf [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] .…”

Section: Rentier States the Resource Curse And Low-carbon Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-carbon energy in the Gulf: Upending the rentier state?

Sim

2020

Energy Research & Social Science

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Section: Rentier States the Resource Curse And Low-carbon Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-carbon energy in the Gulf: Upending the rentier state?

Sim

2020

Energy Research & Social Science

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“…The Pact also furthered the reach of despotic power through judicial convergence, as common standards of anti-opposition restriction emerged. During 2013–2014, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE all promulgated new anti-terrorism laws mirroring one another in language, and which criminalized such an impossibly large range of speech that it made legal dissent all but impossible (Lawson and Legrenzi, 2017). In turn, these coordinated statutes allowed new methods of punishment to diffuse among authorities, such as withdrawing citizenship against critics to render them stateless.…”

Section: The Puzzle and Rival Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles, identity, and security: foreign policy contestation in monarchical Kuwait

Yom

2019

European Journal of International Relations

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The 2011–2012 Arab Spring posed an existential threat to the Gulf Cooperation Council’s six monarchies. A major response was the 2012 GCC Internal Security Pact, an innovative project to enhance cross-border repression of domestic opposition and thus bolster collective security. Yet despite its historic weakness, ongoing domestic unrest, and initial enthusiasm for the agreement, Kuwait’s monarchy did not ultimately ratify the accord. Building on theories of foreign policy roles and identity, this article presents an ideational explanation for this puzzle. The Security Pact failed because it sparked identity contestation. For many Kuwaitis, the prospect of the Sabah monarchy imposing this scheme for greater repression was incompatible with the regime’s historical role of tolerating domestic pluralism and protecting Kuwait from foreign pressures. This role conception of a tolerant protector flowed from historical understandings and collective memory and was cognitively tied to a national self-conception of “Kuwaiti-ness.” The mobilizational scope and symbolic power of this popular opposition convinced the regime to acquiesce, despite possessing the strategic incentive and resources to impose the treaty by force. The Kuwaiti case therefore exemplifies how domestic contestation over regime identities and roles can constrain foreign policy behavior, even in authoritarian states facing severe crises of insecurity.

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“…Furthermore, the paradigm of resilience of monarchies aims to explain the “effective fashion” in which kingdoms exercise repression and policy of co‐optation. For instance, one way of understanding this resilience in the Gulf region for instance is through “the level of repression that the authorities utilize against the opposition and the degree of indiscriminateness that characterizes the regime’s repressive actions” (Lawson & Legrenzi, :77). Anderson argues that capacity and mechanisms are embedded in the state‐building of monarchies that help to construct legitimacy and resistance vis‐à‐vis opposition and internal unrest.…”

Section: The Paradigm Of Resilience Of Monarchiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Monarchies Exceptional to the Arab Uprisings? The Resilience of Moroccan Monarchy Revisited

Köprülü

Abdulmajeed

2018

Digest Mid East Studies

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With the onset of the Arab uprisings at the end of 2010 and the emergence of popular demonstrations that raised the issue of crises of legitimacy across the Arab states, the literature on democratization in the Middle East and North African (MENA) studies has taken on new dimensions recently. One of the primary theoretical debates that has surfaced in the post-2011 era has revolved around on whether or not the demonstrations will lead to regime change or increased authoritarianism in the MENA region. One of the crucial developments of the Arab Spring has, then, been the overthrow of some long-standing rulers like Ben Ali of Tunisia and Mubarak of Egypt, as well as the questioning of authoritarian regimes by the masses. The public protests submerged some Arab republics, but monarchies found ways to overcome the public outcry through containing the opposition. This paper, therefore, takes the monarchy of Morocco as a case study with the aim of analyzing the methods and regime-survival strategies the regime has employed to sustain itself and consolidate power in the post-2011 Arab uprisings era. Additionally, the role of the Justice and Development Party as an emerging threat in the postdemocratization era, and the changing nature of the party's relations with the palace, will be addressed.

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Repression and Monarchical Resilience in the Arab Gulf States

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Low-carbon energy in the Gulf: Upending the rentier state?

Low-carbon energy in the Gulf: Upending the rentier state?

Roles, identity, and security: foreign policy contestation in monarchical Kuwait

Are Monarchies Exceptional to the Arab Uprisings? The Resilience of Moroccan Monarchy Revisited

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