Reprocessable humins thermosets and composites

Dinu, Roxana; Montes, Sarah; Orange, François; Mija, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108655

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the use of humins as a physical gel allows these materials to be reprocessed under mild thermal conditions that can minorly influence their mechanical properties if appropriately designed. 29,71 This can apply for a limited number of reprocessing cycles that will be influenced by the processing conditions, which in turn also reinforces the reprocessed materials due to the growth of stiff humin clusters.…”

Section: Reverse Gelation Of Huminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the gelation of humins: from transient to covalent networks

et al. 2023

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Section: Reverse Gelation Of Huminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the gelation of humins: from transient to covalent networks

et al. 2023

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“…Table 4 summarizes the evaluated thermal properties. The statistic heat resistant index, T s , also describes the thermal stability of the composites, re ecting the material's heat resistance tolerance abilities [35]. T s can be calculated using the following equation [7]:…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Tjf-manddvae and Tjf-dgeba Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper focused on fully bio-based natural ber-reinforced thermoset composites to further increase composites' renewable and environmentally friendly characteristics. Few studies on natural bers considered replacing CF and glass bers [35]. Limited studies on natural jute ber-reinforced bio-based thermoset composites have also been published with encouraging results of the exural properties and interaction of ber and bio-based epoxy thermosets [36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based vanillyl alcohol epoxy thermoset with high mechanical properties and its applications for high- performance natural fiber-reinforced composites

Kumar

Adil

Kim

2023

Preprint

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With the massive usage of fossil-based resources and net-zero missions, developing bio-based epoxy resin and sustainable composites with excellent comprehensive properties from biomass resources as an alternative to commercial petroleum-based epoxy is still a crucial challenge. Herein, taking advantage of the mono and diepoxy cross-linking network structure, a lignin-derived novel cross-linked vanillyl alcohol epoxy (VAE) thermoset-containing mono and di (m&d) epoxy structure is prepared by the epoxidation of the vanillyl alcohol, followed by curing with hardener. The synthesized m&dVAE containing mono and di-epoxidized (m&d) aromatic rings, when cured with 4, 4´-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) hardener, exhibits higher record tensile strength ~ 124.0 ± 8.43 MPa and tensile modulus ~ 2.88 ± 0.35 GPa compared to a commercial petroleum-based epoxy, diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) thermoset. Additionally, it demonstrated higher adhesion shear strength (~ 19.16 ± 0.58 MPa) with cellulose nanofibers film than DGEBA. Further, the synthesized m&dVAE-DDM resins are used for bio-based natural fiber-reinforced composites for the first time. The green composite possesses excellent flexural strength of ~ 203.72 ± 2.08 MPa and stiffness of ~ 11.58 ± 0.38 GPa than the petroleum-based thermoset composite. Moreover, the green composite showed good hydrophobicity and an excellent heat-resistant index of 144.4°C. The m&dVAE resin can be an alternative to petroleum-based resins, and its environment-friendly green composite could be a promising candidate to replace synthetic materials for high-performance structural applications.

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“…The existing literature has been chiefly devoted to growth mechanisms and functional group structures of humin by-products. , Unfortunately, the structure of humins has not been ascertained in detail because their formation is due to complicated rearrangements of intermediates making their corresponding formation mechanism schematic rather than molecular (possible representative structures are shown in Scheme S1). , Considering resource management and circular economies, valorization of humins has been examined via gasification/pyrolysis for bio-fuels, additives for nanocomposite materials , and wood modification, thermolysis for the preparation of catalytic nanocomposites, or carbonization to produce carbonaceous materials for catalyst supports, adsorbents, or insulation materials . However, the potential of humins as raw materials has not been fully realized in macromolecular fields, especially in the assembly of nanomaterials having unique morphologies as organic carbon sources, because of their uncertain molecular structures and the low attention that has been paid to their solubility properties during formation or growth periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwanted Humins─Promising Precursors for Ordered Mesoporous Carbons

Chen

Smith

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Humins, which are intractable carbon byproducts formed during thermochemical conversion of carbohydrates, are considered to be undesirable because of their adverse effects on product yields, catalyst activity, stability, and recycling. Herein, we show that the alcohol-soluble fraction of humins can be used to directly synthesize ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) by the classical solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method without the use of aldehydes or metal ion cross-linkers. The key mechanistic feature of the self-assembly of alcohol (ethanol)-soluble humins is that ulmic acid-containing humins act to cross-link micelles according to condensation reactions occurring in humins formation. The prepared OMCs show well-defined two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal mesoporous structures having uniform pore sizes (3.5 to 4.8 nm), high surface areas (∼600 m2 g–1), and pore volumes (∼0.4 cm3 g–1). Using dyes as model pollutants, selective adsorption of OMCs for macromolecular organic pollutants was confirmed, thus the resulting OMC materials appear to have many technological applications. The method proposed for humins conversion to ordered materials may serve as a simple and green way to utilize undesirable and commonly generated humins in carbohydrate conversions, which should improve the sustainability of carbohydrate transformation schemes and broaden the scope of biomass-based or natural humic acid precursors.

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Reprocessable humins thermosets and composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

On the gelation of humins: from transient to covalent networks

On the gelation of humins: from transient to covalent networks

Bio-based vanillyl alcohol epoxy thermoset with high mechanical properties and its applications for high- performance natural fiber-reinforced composites

Unwanted Humins─Promising Precursors for Ordered Mesoporous Carbons

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