Reproducibility of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and the Rice-Meal Test in Mild Diabetics

Kosáka, Kinori; Mizuno, Yoshiatsu; Kuzuya, Tsunehiko

doi:10.2337/diab.15.12.901

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mean differences between the standard GTT and the GTT after almond ingestion at 1 and 2 hours (19.4% and 14.1%) substantially exceeded test-retest variations in serial GTT values (individual coefficient of variation, 7.8%). 16 The findings support the study hypothesis that "priming the pancreatic pump" with a low-calorie preload 30 minutes before GTT significantly decreases the hyperglycemic response at 1 hour in glucose-intolerant individuals who do not have diabetes. The magnitude of the AUC reduction (15.5%) was less than that produced by preloading with fructose and soya-yogurt (25% to 40%), 8,9 but more than the results of the study by Tan and Mattes, 12 who used a larger almond snack (1.5 vs 0.5 oz) 2 hours before testing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Almond "Appetizer" Effect on Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Results

Crouch¹,

Slater²

2016

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The extent to which glucose intolerance can be acutely improved with dietary modification is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of ingesting a low-calorie almond preload ("appetizer") 30 minutes before oral glucose tolerance testing in glucose-intolerant individuals without diabetes.Methods: Twenty adults with prediabetes or isolated 1-hour glucose >160 mg/dL underwent 2 fasting oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs)-1 standard GTT and 1 GTT 30 minutes after eating a half ounce (12) of dry-roasted almonds. Fourteen participants met 1 or more prediabetes diagnostic criteria; 6 had only elevated 1-hour glucose >160 mg/dL.Results: The mean 1-hour plasma glucose after the almond preload was 37.1 mg/dL (19.4%) lower (154.6 vs 191.7; P < .001) than in the standard GTT. The almond preload reduced the area under the glucose curve by 15.5% (P < .001). Eight individuals had a marked hypoglycemic effect (glucose reduced by 45 to 110 mg/dL); 4 had a moderate hypoglycemic effect (22-32 mg/dL). Conclusion

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Almond "Appetizer" Effect on Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Results

Crouch¹,

Slater²

2016

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glucose levels were not collected in NHANES I, so we did not estimate undiagnosed diabetes for this survey. We did not use the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT, with 2-hour glucose levels) to determine undiagnosed diabetes because of its inconsistent use over different waves of the surveys (Olefsky and Reaven, 1974; Kosaka et al , 1966; Mooy et al , 1996; Ko, 1998) For the fasting glucose levels, we applied the American Diabetes Association (ADA)’s criteria for this test (fasting time >=9 hours and fasting blood glucose level >= 126 mg/dl) (ADA, 2004). The denominators for undiagnosed diabetes groups were 3,761, 6,168, and 4,328 respectively for NHANES II, III, and 1999–2004.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes by obesity level among US adults

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Ethnic minority status and obesity are two independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is no clear understanding of how they may have interacted and influenced disparities in T2D prevalence over time. This study examined the trends in racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of T2D by weight status among US adults. Methods We used nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) I (1971–1975), II (1976–80), and III (1988–1994), and 1999–2004 among 49,574 adults aged 20–74 years. The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2D were estimated by race/ethnicity groups (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American) and body mass index (BMI) groups (normal, 18.5–24.9; overweight, 25–29.9; obese, 30–34.9; severely obese, >=35). We used logistic regression controlling for age, gender, and education to estimate the odd ratio of T2D across race/ethnicity and BMI groups. Results Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of diagnosed T2D varied by BMI. Normal weight group saw increasing racial disparities. In the overweight group, ethnic disparities worsened as diabetes prevalence increased 33.3% in whites, compared to 60.0% in blacks and 227.3% in Mexican Americans. Minimal racial/ethnic disparities were observed in obese and severely obese groups over time. In contrast to diagnosed diabetes, overall racial/ethnic disparities in undiagnosed T2D declined in all BMI groups. Conclusions Racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes prevalence have become most pronounced among normal and overweight groups. Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes will require prevention efforts not only in obese minority individuals, but also in normal and overweight minority individuals.

show abstract

“…Such discrepancies will reduce the efficacy of using FPG alone in diabetes screening. It is difficult to get physicians and patients to use the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) because of its drawbacks (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), especially for those patients already having an FPG Ͻ126. It is also impractical to conduct the OGTT for everyone in a diabetes screening.…”

Section: Diabetes Care 25:1365-1370 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using HbA1c to Improve Efficacy of the American Diabetes Association Fasting Plasma Glucose Criterion in Screening for New Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -To find an optimal critical line in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-HbA 1c plane for identifying diabetes in participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and thereby improve the efficacy of using FPG alone in diabetes screening among American Indians.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We used FPG, 2-h postload glucose (2hPG), and HbA 1c measured in the 2,389 American Indians (aged 45-74 years, without diabetes treatment or prior history of diabetes) in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) baseline (second) examination. Participants were classified as having diabetes if they had either FPG Ն126 mg/dl or 2hPG Ն200 mg/dl, as having IFG if they had 110 Յ FPG Ͻ 126 mg/dl, and as having normal fasting glucose (NFG) if they had FPG Ͻ110, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition. Logistic regression models were used for identifying diabetes (2hPG Ն200 mg/dl) in IFG participants. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated by different logistic regression models were evaluated and compared to select the best model. A utility function based on the best model and the cost-to-benefit ratio was used to find the optimal critical line. The data from the second examination were used to study the effect of the time interval between the successive diabetes screenings on both the FPG criterion and the optimal critical line.RESULTS -A total of 37% of all subjects with new diabetes at baseline and 55.2% of those in the second exam had 2hPG Ն200 but FPG Ͻ126. There was a very large portion of IFG participants with diabetes (19.3 and 22.9% in the baseline and second exam, respectively). Among the areas under the ROC curves, the area generated by the logistic regression model on FPG plus HbA 1c is the largest and is significantly larger than that based on FPG (P ϭ 0.0008). For a cost-to-benefit ratio of 0.23888, the optimal critical line that has the highest utility is: 0.89 ϫ HbA 1c ϩ 0.11 ϫ FPG ϭ 17.92. Those IFG participants whose FPG and HbA 1c were above or on the line were referred to take an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose diabetes. The optimal critical line is lower if a successive diabetes screening will be conducted 4 years after the previous screening.CONCLUSIONS -FPG Ն126 and 2hPG Ն200, as suggested by the ADA, are used independently to define diabetes. The FPG level is easy to obtain, and using FPG alone is suggested for diabetes screening. It is difficult to get physicians and patients to perform an OGTT to get a 2hPG level because of the many drawbacks of the OGTT, especially in those patients who already have FPG Ͻ126. It is also impractical to conduct an OGTT for everyone in a diabetes screening. Our data show that 37% of all subjects with new diabetes in the SHS baseline exam and 55.2% of those in the second exam have 2hPG Ն200 but FPG Ͻ126. These cases of diabetes cannot be detected if FPG is used alone in a diabetes screening. Therefore, although the small portion of diabetes in the NFG group (4.7% in the baseline and 6.9% in the second exam) m...

show abstract

Reproducibility of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and the Rice-Meal Test in Mild Diabetics

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Almond "Appetizer" Effect on Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Results

Almond "Appetizer" Effect on Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Results

Changes in racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes by obesity level among US adults

Using HbA1c to Improve Efficacy of the American Diabetes Association Fasting Plasma Glucose Criterion in Screening for New Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About