Reproductive ecology of Syzygium alternifolium (Myrtaceae), an endemic and endangered tropical tree species in the southern Eastern Ghats of India

Raju, A. J. S.; Krishna, J. Radha; Chandra, P.H.

doi:10.11609/jott.o3768.6153-71

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Among the Indian cycad also, insect association are reported. Trigona iridipennis Smith, Chilades pandava , and Derelomus weevils are found to be associated with Cycas sphaerica in Andhra Pradesh (Raju 2009 ;Raju and Jonathan 2010 ).…”

Section: Insects and Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycads: An Overview

Goel

Khuraijam

2015

Plant Biology and Biotechnology

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Cycads are regarded as the "Living Fossils" and belong to a specialized group of plants having ancient lineage possessing great signifi cance from the evolutionary point of view. During excavations, the cycad fossils located and accepted as related to the similar lineage as the present-day cycads have been known from the early Permian period, ca. 280-320 Myr ago. They had been popularly known as "Plant Dinosaur" and were generally known as the most dominant plant group in the Mesozoic period. The relict group of the seed plants was worldwide in their distribution and dominant in the plant world as the dinosaurs were then at the peak in the animal world. They were eaten by some herbivorous dinosaurs, such as Stegosaurs . During that period the plant group Bennettitales or cycadeoids was in abundance which had superfi cial resemblance with cycads but was more similar and closer to the angiosperms. The Jurassic period is generally called as the "Age of Cycads" because they were very common at that time. In fact the cycads represent the basal living lineage of the presentday seed-bearing angiosperms.The taxonomic isolation and extreme antiquity of cycads have attributed them intrinsic interest and conservational importance which is disproportionate to the paucity of members because of their limited and disjunct distribution. The cycads are dioecious and very slow-growing plants; as a result they are getting extremely rare in the natural habitat. Due to their rarity, very attractive foliage and beautiful cones, cycads are considered as the prized collections in private and the public gardens leading to over exploitation from natural habitats and illegal trade in the international market. Therefore, international trade and the movement of A.

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Section: Insects and Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycads: An Overview

Goel

Khuraijam

2015

Plant Biology and Biotechnology

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“…Kemungkinan biji tersebut tertahan oleh rumpun-rumpun bambu yang rapat sehingga selanjutnya berkecambah dan tumbuh di sekitarnya. Raju et al (2014) mengemukakan hasil penelitiannya mengenai keberadaan S. alternifolium di India. Spesies ini mengalami kondisi yang sulit untuk mempertahankan dan mengembalikan populasi di habitat alaminya.…”

Section: Lokasi Blok Pengamatanunclassified

KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT Syzygium pycnanthum (Merr.) L.M. Perry DI GUNUNG BAUNG, JAWA TIMUR

Mudiana

2017

Jur.pen.hut.konservasi

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Mount Baung is one of the conservation areas having lowland monsoon forest ecosystem in East Java. Diversity of plant species along with its environmental conditions creates such a unique ecosystem. One of plant species commonly found in Mount Baung is Syzygium pycnanthum (Merr.) L.M. Perry. This species belongs to Myrtaceae family. Research on habitat ecology of the species was conducted to determine distribution, population structure and character of its growing site at Mount Baung. The methods including exploration, mapping and sampling plots of observation with a total area of 10 ha were conducted to obtain data on the distribution and growing site character of the species. A total of 235 individuals were recorded in the observation plots, consisting of 42 seedlings, 75 saplings, 49 poles and 69 trees. In general, S. pycnanthum develops a normal population structure to be able to grow, as shown by the growth curve that perform a reverse J-shaped. Habitat of S. pycnanthum at Mount Baung is located in the slope areas ranged from sloping to steep condition. In the regeneration phase (seedlings and saplings), S. pycnanthum grows widely in a shaded slope area and close to bamboo clumps (Bambusa blumeana). Meanwhile the poles and trees of the species grow well in a more open space along with mixed vegetation of shrubs, trees and a few bamboos. Number of individual trees and altitude are environmental factors affecting the existence of S. pycnanthum in Mount Baung.

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“…This symbiosis has been documented across the broad geographic range of the Zamiaceae, including the Americas (Norstog et al 1986, Tang 1987a), Africa (Donaldson 1997, Proches & Johnson 2009, Suinyuy et al 2009) and Australia (Hall et al 2004, Terry 2001, Wilson 2002). By contrast, there is evidence that at least some cycads in the genus Cycas may be ambophilous, for the most part pollinated by insects in a specific mutualism comparable to that of other cycads, but retaining the potential for a limited degree of wind pollination not seen in the Zamiaceae (Hamada et al 2015a, b; Kono & Tobe 2007, Raju & Jonathan 2010a, b; Wang et al 1997, Yang et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination of the Australian cycad Cycas ophiolitica (Cycadaceae): the limited role of wind pollination in a cycad with beetle pollinator mutualists, and its ecological significance

Hall

Walter

2018

J. Trop. Ecol.

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Abstract:Cycads in the Zamiaceae are well known for their host-specific insect pollination mutualisms. Pollination of Cycas in the sister family Cycadaceae is less well-documented, with beetle pollination possibly coexisting with a limited potential for wind pollination, a hypothesis we tested for C. ophiolitica in Central Queensland, Australia. Cones were associated with three species of beetle: an undescribed weevil (Curculionidae), Hapalips sp. (Erotylidae) and Ulomoides sp. (Tenebrionidae). Pollination-vector exclusion experiments compared the pollination success (quantified as % ovules pollinated per cone) of control cones against bagged or netted cones that excluded wind or insects respectively (n = 10 for all treatments). Insects do pollinate C. ophiolitica in the absence of wind, the median (first quartile-third quartile) pollination success of control plants being 83.7% (60.8–87.2%) while bagged cones, from which wind, but not insects, were excluded, pollinated at 52.9% (19.5–74.8%). For netted cones, (excluding insects but not wind), pollination fell to 12.6% (10.9–45.9%). Airborne pollen (as quantified by capture on a series of adhesive pollen traps) decreased rapidly with distance from male cones, potentially becoming ineffective for wind pollination at ~5 m. Airborne pollen load in the vicinity of female cones, and distance of females from neighbouring males, suggests wind pollination may occur sporadically, but only at high spatial densities. Although Cycas appears to be primarily insect pollinated, this limited potential for ambophily may be significant given the history of dispersal and pollinator host shifts among these cycads.

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Reproductive ecology of Syzygium alternifolium (Myrtaceae), an endemic and endangered tropical tree species in the southern Eastern Ghats of India

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Cycads: An Overview

Cycads: An Overview

KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT Syzygium pycnanthum (Merr.) L.M. Perry DI GUNUNG BAUNG, JAWA TIMUR

Pollination of the Australian cycad Cycas ophiolitica (Cycadaceae): the limited role of wind pollination in a cycad with beetle pollinator mutualists, and its ecological significance

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