Reproductive Toxicology of Environmental Toxicants: Emerging Issues and Concerns

Younglai, Edward V.; Wu, Yong-ning; Foster, Warren G.

doi:10.2174/138161207782110499

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 221 publications

(253 reference statements)

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“…Women in pregnancy are exposed to a still-expanding list of chemicals and thereby also their growing fetus (Collins, 2006;Younglai et al, 2007). In addition, pregnant women suff ering from serious pathological conditions, such as epilepsy and diabetes, are continuously exposed to medication treatment during pregnancy, while fetal therapy via maternal drug administration is expected to be increasingly employed (van der Aa et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of quantitative structure–activity relationships for modeling drug and chemical transport across the human placenta barrier: a multivariate data analysis approach

Giaginis

Zira

Theocharis

et al. 2009

J of Applied Toxicology

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Pharmacological agents and environmental pollutants can transfer from mother to fetus across the placental barrier, leading to reproductive toxic effects. Ex vivo human placental perfusion constitutes the most widely used method to study placental transfer and metabolism of drugs and chemicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology could serve as an effective alternative tool to estimate drugs and chemicals transport across the human placental barrier on the basis of easily interpretable molecular, physicochemical and structural properties. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was applied to a set of 88 structurally diverse drugs and chemicals to model placental transfer expressed by clearance index values compiled from literature sources. An adequate and robust QSAR model (r(2) = 0.73, Q(2) = 0.71, RMSEE = 0.15) was established, providing an informative illustration of the contributing physicochemical, molecular and structural properties of the compounds in placental transfer process. Descriptors reflecting the polarity of compounds proved to be the most important with a negative sign. Lipophilicity and, at a lower extent, molecular size parameters exerted positive contribution in the model. Thus, QSAR analysis may be considered as a promising alternative tool to support high-throughput screening of drugs and chemicals in respect to their transport across placental barrier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of quantitative structure–activity relationships for modeling drug and chemical transport across the human placenta barrier: a multivariate data analysis approach

Giaginis

Zira

Theocharis

et al. 2009

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Most of the synthetic pesticides, such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, and phenylpyrazoles, target the nervous system of insects. When synthetic pesticides are applied as foliar sprays or used in urban settings they have the potential to persist in the environment with deleterious effects [127,128]. Furthermore, these insecticides lack pest specificity and promote development of pest resistance [129–131].…”

Section: Neurobiology Of Hemolymph-based Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Virulence Factors and Tissue Targets of Entomopathogenic Bacteria for Biological Control of Lepidopteran Pests

Castagnola

Stock

2014

Insects

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This review focuses on common insecticidal virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria with special emphasis on two insect pathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus (Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) and Bacillus (Firmicutes: Bacillaceae). Insect pathogenic bacteria of diverse taxonomic groups and phylogenetic origin have been shown to have striking similarities in the virulence factors they produce. It has been suggested that the detection of phage elements surrounding toxin genes, horizontal and lateral gene transfer events, and plasmid shuffling occurrences may be some of the reasons that virulence factor genes have so many analogs throughout the bacterial kingdom. Comparison of virulence factors of Photorhabdus, and Bacillus, two bacteria with dissimilar life styles opens the possibility of re-examining newly discovered toxins for novel tissue targets. For example, nematodes residing in the hemolymph may release bacteria with virulence factors targeting neurons or neuromuscular junctions. The first section of this review focuses on toxins and their context in agriculture. The second describes the mode of action of toxins from common entomopathogens and the third draws comparisons between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The fourth section reviews the implications of the nervous system in biocontrol.

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“…Ovarian function can be compromised by exposure to toxic chemicals (Younglai et al, 2007). In addition, the ovary itself can be affected resulting in disturbances in oocyte maturation and/or destruction of the oocyte.…”

Section: Benzo[a]pyrene and Female Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo[a]pyrene and Human Embryo

Shi¹,

Liu²,

Ye³

2012

The Human Embryo

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Reproductive Toxicology of Environmental Toxicants: Emerging Issues and Concerns

Cited by 40 publications

References 221 publications

Application of quantitative structure–activity relationships for modeling drug and chemical transport across the human placenta barrier: a multivariate data analysis approach

Application of quantitative structure–activity relationships for modeling drug and chemical transport across the human placenta barrier: a multivariate data analysis approach

Common Virulence Factors and Tissue Targets of Entomopathogenic Bacteria for Biological Control of Lepidopteran Pests

Benzo[a]pyrene and Human Embryo

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