Repurposing anticancer drugs for the management of COVID-19

Bairi, Khalid El; Trapani, Dario; Petrillo, Angelica; Page, Cécile Le; Zbakh, Hanaâ; Daniele, Bruno; Belbaraka, Rhizlane; Curigliano, Giuseppe; Afqir, Saïd

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.014

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 226 publications

(320 reference statements)

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“…The peptide market has been strengthened over many years and this trend is expected to continue. During the preparation of this manuscript, it was disclosed that Plitidepsin TM (aplidin), a peptide of marine origin approved a few years ago in Australia for multiple myeloma [ 54 ], shows potent preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 [ 55 ] and is expected to enter clinical phase III very shortly. Futhermore, on 22 January 2021, voclosporin (Lupkynis TM ) was approved for the treatment of treat lupus nephritis [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

et al. 2021

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2020 has been an extremely difficult and challenging year as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and one in which most efforts have been channeled into tackling the global health crisis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 53 new drug entities, six of which fall in the peptides and oligonucleotides (TIDES) category. The number of authorizations for these kinds of drugs has been similar to that of previous years, thereby reflecting the consolidation of the TIDES market. Here, the TIDES approved in 2020 are analyzed in terms of chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, and adverse effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

et al. 2021

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“…Drug repurposing is the use of approved drugs in an off-label use, which may reduce the cost of drug development and identify potential targetable pathways. Moreover, El Bairi et al ( 27 ) highlighted 20 anticancer drugs that have the potential and are currently being tested such as Janus kinase (JAK) pathways, monoclonal antibodies that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), antiprotease that targets multiple receptors, inhibition of viral cellular transcription with antibiotics that have anticancer activity, immune check point inhibitors (antiprogrammed cell death), and kinase inhibitors to inhibit the cell cycle and viral life cycle. Whether a single drug or combined treatment may exhibit synergistic action against COVID-19 remains unknown and is an active area of investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and morbidity of curative and palliative anticancer treatments during the COVID‑19 pandemic: A multicenter population‑based retrospective study

et al. 2021

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Administration of effective anticancer treatments should continue during pandemics. However, the outcomes of curative and palliative anticancer treatments during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic remain unclear. The present retrospective observational study aimed to determine the 30-day mortality and morbidity of curative and palliative anticancer treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between March 1 and June 30, 2020, all adults (n=2,504) with solid and hematological malignancies irrespective of cancer stage and type of anticancer treatments at five large comprehensive cancer centers in Saudi Arabia were included. The 30-day mortality was 5.1% (n=127) for all patients receiving anticancer treatment, 1.8% (n=24) for curative intent, 8.6% (n=103) for palliative intent and 13.4% (n=12) for COVID-19 cases. The 30-day morbidity was 28.2% (n=705) for all patients, 17.9% (n=234) for curative intent, 39.3% (n=470) for palliative intent and 75% (n=77) for COVID-19 cases. The 30-day mortality was significantly increased with male sex [odds ratio (OR), 2.011; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.141-3.546; P=0.016], body mass index (BMI) <25 (OR, 1.997; 95% CI, 1.292-3.087; P=0.002), hormone therapy (OR, 6.315; 95% CI, 0.074-2.068; P=0.001) and number of cycles (OR, 2.110; 95% CI, 0.830-0.948; P=0.001), but decreased with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) of 0-1 (OR, 0.157; 95% CI, 0.098-0.256; P=0.001), stage I-II cancer (OR, 0.254; 95% CI, 0.069-0.934; P=0.039) and curative intent (OR, 0.217; 95% CI, 0.106-0.443; P=0.001). Furthermore, the 30-day morbidity significantly increased with age >65 years (OR, 1.420; 95% CI, 1.075-1.877; P=0.014), BMI <25 (OR, 1.484; 95% CI, 1.194-1.845; P=0.001), chemotherapy (OR, 1.397; 95% CI, 1.089-5.438; P=0.032), hormone therapy (OR, 1.527; 95% CI, 0.211-1.322; P=0.038) and immunotherapy (OR, 1.859; 95% CI, 0.648-4.287; P=0.038), but decreased with ECOG-PS of 0-1 (OR, 0.502; 95% CI, 0.399-0.632; P=0.001), breast cancer (OR, 0.569; 95% CI, 0.387-0.836; P=0.004) and curative intent (OR, 0.410; 95% CI, 0.296-0.586; P=0.001). The mortality risk was lowest with curative treatments. Therefore, such treatments should not be delayed. The morbidity risk doubled with palliative treatments and was highest among COVID-19 cases. Mortality appeared to be driven by male sex, BMI <25, hormonal therapy and number of cycles, while morbidity increased with age >65 years, BMI <25, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, oncologists should select the most effective anticancer treatments based on the aforementioned factors.

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“…In addition, due to a possible increased risk of herpes zoster and simplex infections, a group of Italian researchers suggested that the use of baricitinib should be considered with extreme caution (Favalli et al, 2020). Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2 inhibitor authorized for the treatment of myeloproliferative malignancies (El Bairi et al, 2020). The effects of the drug were evaluated in the RUXCOVID study, a phase III, multicentre, randomised and placebo-controlled trial, but its results are still not available.…”

Section: Clinical Evidence Of Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic strategies to fight COVID-19: which is the status artis?

Scavone

Mascolo

Rafaniello

et al. 2021

Preprint

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COVID-19 is a complex disease and many difficulties are faced today especially in the proper choice of pharmacological treatments. The role of antiviral agents for COVID-19 is still being investigated. The evidence for immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs is quite conflicting, while the use of corticosteroids is supported by robust evidence. The use of heparins in hospitalized critically ill patients is preferred over other anticoagulants. Lastly, conflicting data were found regarding to the use of convalescent plasma and vitamin D. According to data shared by the WHO, many vaccines are under phase 3 clinical trials and some of them already received the marketing approval in EU countries and in the US. In conclusion, drugs repurposing has represented the main approach recently used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. At this moment, the analysis of efficacy and safety data of drugs and vaccines used in real life context is strongly needed.

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Repurposing anticancer drugs for the management of COVID-19

Cited by 73 publications

References 226 publications

2020 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

2020 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

Mortality and morbidity of curative and palliative anticancer treatments during the COVID‑19 pandemic: A multicenter population‑based retrospective study

Therapeutic strategies to fight COVID-19: which is the status artis?

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