Request strategies in British English and Japanese

Fukushima, Saeko

doi:10.1016/s0388-0001(96)00041-1

Cited by 83 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Speakers of certain languages prefer to use speech acts in different ways. For example, requests and apologies are used more directly in Hebrew and Russian (Blum-Kulka and Olshtain, 1984), just as requests and complaints in German (House and Kasper, 1981), and requests in Japanese (Fukushima, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschoolers’ Use of Requests

Uçar¹,

Bal²

2015

DAD/JLR

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Request situations are of great value to observe multiple variables such as power, distance and imposition of the request on the hearer to get the desired object or action. This study investigates requests of Turkish monolingual preschoolers in terms of Blum-Kulka and Olshtain's (1984) categories. The aim is to find out the structures of head act and adjunct(s), the directness level of the strategy types and perspectives of the speakers (hearer oriented, speaker oriented, hearer and speaker oriented, and impersonal) used in requests. Data was gathered from 24 Turkish speaking children aged between 4;5 and 5;6, 13 of whom were girls and 11 were boys. To collect data, four situations were created considering power and level of imposition of the requests, namely Low Power-Low Imposition, Low Power-High Imposition, High Power-Low Imposition, and High Power-High Imposition. The results show that 1) children use head acts most frequently in their requests, 2) children mainly use direct requests, 3) children prefer to use the speaker oriented perspective more than the other request perspectives. A nonverbal category is added to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain's (1984) original request categories, which is observed to be peculiar to children. The results are interpreted cautiously since they display varieties for each situation due to the nature of the activities used to collect data.Key words: Requests, power, imposition, directness, hearer oriented perspective, speaker oriented perspective Okul Öncesi Çocukların Rica KullanımıÖZ: Rica durumları güç, yakınlık, istenen nesnenin veya işin dinleyiciye getireceği olası yük gibi çeşitli değişkenleri gözlemlemek açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Blum-Kulka ve Olshtain'ın (1984) gruplarına göre anadili Türkçe olan tek dilli anaokulu çocuklarının rica yapılarını incelemiş; ricalardaki ana eylem ve eklem yapıları, strateji türlerinin açıklık dereceleri ve konuşmacıların yaklaşımlarını (konuşan odaklı, dinleyici odaklı, konuşan ve dinleyici odaklı ve kişisiz yaklaşım) ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamıştır. Veri, yaşları 4;5 ile 5;6 arasında değişen 13 kız, 11 erkek toplam 24 Türkçe konuşan çocuktan toplanmıştır. Veri toplamak için güç ve değer ilişkisi düşünülerek dört durum oluşturulmuştur. Bunlar, Düşük Güç-Düşük Değer, Düşük Güç-Yüksek Değer, Yüksek Güç-Düşük Değer ve Yüksek Güç-Yüksek Değer'dir. Sonuçlar 1) çocukların ana eylem kullanımlarının çok sık Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015/2, 25-43.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschoolers’ Use of Requests

Uçar¹,

Bal²

2015

DAD/JLR

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“…Koike, 1989;Turnbull and Saxton, 1997), studies between two or more languages (e.g. Chen, 1993;Lee-Wong, 1994;Fukushima, 1996;Liao and Bresnahan, 1996;Pair, 1996) and studies between languages produced by native and non-native speakers (e.g. Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Weltz, 1990;Yu, 1999;Hassall, 2001;Byon, 2004, cited in Hsien andChien, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intercultural Communication Study of Chinese and Malaysian University Students’ Refusal to Invitation

Farnia¹,

Wu²

2012

IJEL

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One of the challenges brought about by intercultural communication is the cross-cultural understanding of whatis meant by what is said in another culture. Performing a given communicative act in a different cultural background than the speakers' own requires taking into consideration several issues in order not to be perceived as impolite, rude, or even offensive in the host community.The present study aims to investigate the pragmatic behavior of refusal to invitation by Chinese international university students and Malaysian university students in Malaysia. The second aim is to seek the respondents' perception in the process of refusing an invitation regarding their cognition, language of thought, and perception of insistence after refusing an invitation. The subjects were selected from forty Chinese international students and forty Malaysian students at University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Data were collected through a written discourse completion task and an immediate structured post-interview.An analysis of the data demonstrated that both Chinese and Malaysian respondents used similar type of strategies when refusing an invitation; however, they were different in terms of the number of strategies (i.e. frequency) used in each situation. It is hoped that the present research will not only make contributions to the studies of refusal behavior in the intercultural communication in general but to the pragmatic behavior of refusal to invitation between Chinese international students and Malaysian students in particular. Keywords:Intercultural communication, Speech act of refusal to invitation, Chinese international students, Malay university students, Malaysia, Strategies IntroductionIntercultural communication is not a new concept. There would be no need to study intercultural communication in the case in which people never come into contact with each other, and therefore, there would be no need to communicate with people who speak a different language and organize their lives according to completely different norms and values (Pinto, 2000). However, what is new about intercultural communication is the systematic study of exactly what happens when cross-cultural contacts and interactions take place-when message producer and message receiver are from different cultures (Gao, 2006).One of the challenges brought about by intercultural communication is the understanding of speech acts cross-culturally. Speech acts or the communicative acts (e.g. thanking, apology, request) vary cross-culturally and the appropriate use of a given speech acts is subject to variation as the cultures differ. For example, in complimenting someone on her new dress, a positive acceptance of the compliment by appreciation (e.g. thank you) is common in some cultures (e.g. the United States), while rejecting the compliment (e.g. no, it is not new) www.ccsenet.org/ijel

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“…In reference [28], the author investigates the correlation in the use of indirectness in requesting with the degree of imposition of the request on the hearer. The study was based on a comparison between British English and Japanese, and the results show that more politeness strategies are employed with a higher degree of imposition of requests by speakers of both the languages.…”

Section: Cross-cultural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Studies on Sociopragmatic Use of Linguistic Politeness with Special Focus on Hindi and Japanese

Kumari¹

2015

IJLLL

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Abstract-The present study discusses the theories, methods and results of the available literature in the area of linguistic politeness involving i) the use of indirectness and honorifics as politeness strategies, ii) the notion of 'face' as a social image, other social factors and social structure that affect the use of and variation in linguistic forms, and iii) the historical reasons for the emergence of stereotypes in the use of linguistic politeness in a society. The first section discusses the studies based on data from a single language. The second section focus on the studies on Hindi and on Japanese, respectively. The third section describes the work done in cross-cultural studies in politeness. The fourth section describes the research gap that emerges from the discussions in the available literature.

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Request strategies in British English and Japanese

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Preschoolers’ Use of Requests

Preschoolers’ Use of Requests

An Intercultural Communication Study of Chinese and Malaysian University Students’ Refusal to Invitation

A Survey of Studies on Sociopragmatic Use of Linguistic Politeness with Special Focus on Hindi and Japanese

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