Requirement of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids for juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Effects of dietary grape seed oil and linseed oil on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and expression of putative Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

“…Furthermore, it was also found that extremely high levels of LA or/and ALA might vanish the stimulating effect of EFA or even reduce the growth of abalone. Similar findings have also been observed in other studies that excessive EFA, especially n-3 LC-PUFA, might impair the growth of fishes (Furuita et al, 2002;Kim and Lee, 2004). Dietary fatty acids are known to be energy provision for organisms through β-oxidation (Mishra and Samantaray, 2004).…”

Reduced n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids dietary content expected with global change reduces the metabolic capacity of the golden grey mullet

“…This result confirms the importance of dietary HUFA, especially EPA and DHA, for normal growth, as observed in other species such as juvenile flounder (Kim and Lee 2004), cod (Lee and Cho 2009), yellow croaker (Zuo et al 2012) or juvenile cobia (Liu et al 2007). This lower growth rate did not appear to be due to a lower food intake in the LD group, as even though the feed intake was not accurately monitored during our experiment for technical reasons, visual daily observations performed during the meal time allowed us to hypothesise that SD and LD fish ate similarly.…”

“…As the HUFA n-3 needs were not known for L. aurata, SD was formulated according to the needs known for other species. The n-3 HUFA level of that diet ranged between the optimum recommended in yellow croaker (0.6-0.98 %; Zuo et al 2012), gilthead seabream (0.9 %; Kalogeropoulos et al 1992), juvenile flounder (0.8-1.0 %; Kim and Lee 2004) and juvenile starry flounder (at least 0.9 % Lee et al 2003a, b) and that recommended in juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum (1.49 %; Liu et al 2007) and juvenile cod Hexagrammo sotakii (1.2-1.7 %, Lee and Cho 2009). The composition and fatty acid content of the two diets are summarised in Table 1.…”

Effects of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia as a live food on the growth, survival and fatty acid composition of larvae and juveniles of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

“…However, only copepod nauplii could be well digested. Kim and Lee (2004) demonstrated that combination of DHA and EPA in the diet was more helpful to increase the growth of juvenile flounder than the diet rich in EPA. DHA was more easily accumulated in fish polar lipid than EPA.…”