Requirement of the
            <i>agr</i>
            Locus for Colony Spreading of
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Tsompanidou, Eleni; Sibbald, Mark J. J. B.; Chlebowicz, Monika A.; Dreisbach, Annette; Back, Jaap Willem; Dijl, Jan Maarten van; Buist, Girbe; Denham, Emma L.

doi:10.1128/jb.01276-10

Cited by 69 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The colony-spreading assay was performed essentially as described by Kaito et al (25), but with minor previously described modifications (27). To detect colony spreading of the S. aureus strains SH1000 and Newman along the growth curve, these strains were grown in TSB for 24 h. Samples were collected at hourly intervals for the first 7 h and after 24 h of growth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSM␣1 to PSM␣4, PSM␤1 and PSM␤2, PSM␥, and PSM-mec peptides were synthesized as described previously with a C-terminal four-residue glycyl spacer and an ε-amino biotinyl lysine (27). All peptides were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide plus 10 mM DTT to a concentration of 12 mM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although S. aureus was originally believed to be nonmotile, recent studies have shown that this organism is capable of spreading over wet surfaces (25)(26)(27). We have previously shown that a mix of the four PSM␣ peptides can promote this so-called colony spreading phenotype (27), and we hypothesized that this relates to their strong surfactant properties (9).…”

Section: S Taphylococcus Aureus Is An Opportunistic Human Pathogen Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously shown that a mix of the four PSM␣ peptides can promote this so-called colony spreading phenotype (27), and we hypothesized that this relates to their strong surfactant properties (9). The Agr system is an impor-tant determinant for colony spreading due to its control over the synthesis of PSMs (27).…”

Section: S Taphylococcus Aureus Is An Opportunistic Human Pathogen Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSM␤ peptides appear less important for cytolysis and inflammation but, in low concentrations, they seem to promote biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. High amounts of the same PSM␤ peptides do, however, promote the detachment of staphylococcal cells from biofilms both in vitro and in vivo (24).Although S. aureus was originally believed to be nonmotile, recent studies have shown that this organism is capable of spreading over wet surfaces (25)(26)(27). We have previously shown that a mix of the four PSM␣ peptides can promote this so-called colony spreading phenotype (27), and we hypothesized that this relates to their strong surfactant properties (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Roles of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus on Wet Surfaces

Tsompanidou

Denham

Becher

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is renowned for the rapid colonization of contaminated wounds, medical implants, and food products. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms that allow S. aureus to colonize the respective wet surfaces. The present studies were therefore aimed at identifying factors used by S. aureus cells to spread over wet surfaces, starting either from planktonic or biofilm-associated states. Through proteomics analyses we pinpoint phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) as prime facilitators of the spreading process. To dissect the roles of the eight PSMs produced by S. aureus, these peptides were chemically synthesized and tested in spreading assays with different psm mutant strains. The results show that PSM␣3 and PSM␥ are the strongest facilitators of spreading both for planktonic cells and cells in catheter-associated biofilms. Compared to the six other PSMs of S. aureus, PSM␣3 and PSM␥ combine strong surfactant activities with a relatively low overall hydropathicity. Importantly, we show that PSM-mediated motility of S. aureus facilitates the rapid colonization of wet surfaces next to catheters and the colonization of fresh meat. S taphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen thatcan cause a wide range of acute and chronic diseases, which range from superficial skin infections to life-threatening endocarditis and sepsis (1, 2). The ability of this Gram-positive bacterium to cause these infections depends on the production of secreted and cell wall-associated virulence factors. Of increasing concern is the ability of S. aureus to acquire resistance against antibiotics, as underscored by the global spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) lineages.Intriguingly, recent proteomics studies have revealed an enormous diversity in the production of virulence factors by different isolates of S. aureus, and only a few of these seem to be invariantly produced (3-5). Among the most commonly identified staphylococcal virulence factors, especially in the community-associated (CA)-MRSA lineages, are the so-called phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) (6). These PSMs are short, amphipathic, ␣-helical peptides that have leukocidal activity and biosurfactant properties (7-9). The growth media of S. aureus cultures contain both N-terminally formylated and deformylated PSMs, suggesting that these virulence factors are substrates for the bacterial N-formylmethionine deformylase (9, 10).To date, eight PSMs have been identified in S. aureus. These include the four PSM␣1 to PSM␣4 peptides (22 residues each), the PSM␤1 and PSM␤2 peptides (44 residues each), PSM␥ (25 residues) and the recently reported PSM-mec (22 residues). The PSM␣ peptides are encoded by the psm␣ operon, the PSM␤ peptides by the psm␤ operon, and PSM␥ by the hld gene. Notably, the hld gene is embedded within the regulatory RNAIII molecule that is encoded by the agr locus. The gene for PSM-mec was identified in MRSA strains carrying the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types II or III. The expression of all ps...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Taphylococcus Aureus Is An Opportunistic Human Pathogen Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Taphylococcus Aureus Is An Opportunistic Human Pathogen Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Roles of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus on Wet Surfaces

Tsompanidou

Denham

Becher

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Quorum‐sensing Cascades Governing Bacterial Multicellular Communities

Bloom-Ackermann

Ganin

Kolodkin‐Gal

2015

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Quorum sensing (QS) is an efficient mode of intercellular communication between bacteria. This mode is regulated by self‐produced small chemical signals, activating dedicated receptors once accumulated. Numerous architecturally complex QS cascades are cardinal for governing bacterial behaviors, such as pathogenicity, luminescence, and bacterial competence. Importantly, QS cascades are essential for the formation of bacterial multicellular communities. Once informed via QS cascades, motile cells often organize themselves into conspicuous multicellular structures that carry out specialized tasks. This review focuses on the major QS systems, playing an active role in the rise of complex bacterial communities in different bacterial models.

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The cell surface proteome of Staphylococcus aureus

2011

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The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a wide spread opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of life-threatening diseases. To obtain a better understanding of the global mechanisms for pathogenesis and to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions, the S. aureus proteome has been recently 'dissected' in several studies. Proteins that are exposed on the cell surface - collectively referred to as the 'surfacome' - have received particular attention, because they can directly interact with extracellular molecules, including drugs and antibodies. Accordingly, these proteins represent interesting candidate targets for active or passive immunization against S. aureus. Here, we review the proteomics strategies used, and we compare the results that were so far obtained. Since the surfacome is part of the cell wall proteome, we first present an overview of general properties of the S. aureus cell envelope, cell wall-associated proteins and mechanisms for protein attachment to the cell wall. Then we zoom in on the surfacome, and discuss the pro's and con's of the specific strategies that have been applied for surfacome profiling. The insights thus obtained may serve as leads for future studies on the S. aureus surfacome and possible applications.

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Requirement of the agr Locus for Colony Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 69 publications

References 68 publications

Distinct Roles of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus on Wet Surfaces

Distinct Roles of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus on Wet Surfaces

Quorum‐sensing Cascades Governing Bacterial Multicellular Communities

The cell surface proteome of Staphylococcus aureus

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