requivalent: A simple effect size indicator.

Rosenthal, Robert; Rubin, Donald B.

doi:10.1037/1082-989x.8.4.492

Cited by 352 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Unstandardized parameter estimates (b), standard errors, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from the respective full model. For non-parametric tests, we computed the generic effect size r equivalent (Rosenthal & Rubin, 2003). Preliminary analyses found no effects of gender or of the difference between the number of disks the child collected and the puppet collected on children's protest behavior in the main task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschoolers understand the normativity of cooperatively structured competition

Schmidt

Hardecker

Tomasello

2016

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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a b s t r a c tHuman institutional practices often involve competition within a cooperative structure of mutually accepted rules. In a competitive game, for instance, we not only expect adherence to the rules of the game but also expect an opponent who tries to win and, thus, follows a rational game-playing strategy. We had 3-and 5-year-olds (N = 48) play for a prize against an opponent (a puppet) who played either rationally (trying to win) or irrationally (helping the children to win) while either following or breaking the rules of the game. Both age groups performed costly protest against an opponent who followed the rules but played irrationally by helping the children to win. When facing a rule-breaking opponent, 3-year-olds protested only the rule breaches of an irrational opponent but not irrational play. Five-year-olds also protested the rule breaches of a rational opponent, but in contrast to the 3-year-olds, they protested irrational behavior even in the context of rule breaches. Moreover, many children, in particular 3-year-olds, refrained from protesting. These findings suggest that 5-year-olds, but not 3-yearolds, fully understand the dual-level normative structure of cooperatively regulated competition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschoolers understand the normativity of cooperatively structured competition

Schmidt

Hardecker

Tomasello

2016

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…Non-parametric analyses of variance were conducted for data that was not normally distributed (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U post-hoc tests). Effect sizes were calculated by using Cohen's d (Cohen, 2013) for parametric tests, and Rosenthal's r (Rosenthal and Rubin, 2003) for non-parametric tests. In order to test the mood induction, repeated measures ANOVA was used comparing pre-film and post-film PANAS (within-group) among the three groups (AN, BN, or HC; between-subject factor).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial expression of positive emotions in individuals with eating disorders

Dapelo

Hart

Hale

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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first and second authors contributed equally to this publication  AN showed Duchenne smiles for shorter durations than BN and HC participants. AN participants' Duchenne smiles were less intense than those of BN and HC. Reduced Duchenne smile was related to low BMI, and use of medication. Results provide further evidence of difficulties in emotion processing in AN. AbstractA large body of research has associated Eating Disorders with difficulties in socioemotional functioning and it has been argued that they may serve to maintain the illness. This study aimed to explore facial expressions of positive emotions in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) compared to healthy controls (HC), through an examination of the Duchenne smile (DS), which has been associated with feelings of enjoyment, amusement and happiness . Sixty participants (AN=20; BN=20; HC=20) were videotaped while watching a humorous film clip. The duration and intensity of DS were subsequently analysed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman and Friesen, 2003). Participants with AN displayed DS for shorter durations than BN and HC participants, and their DS had lower intensity. In the clinical groups, lower duration and intensity of DS were associated with lower BMI, and use of psychotropic medication.The study is the first to explore DS in people with eating disorders, providing further evidence of difficulties in the socio-emotional domain in people with AN.

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“…If the raw data were not presented, then an F ratio for the main effect over time was used for conversion into r instead. If no relevant convertible statistics were presented, other than a p value, we calculated the t statistic from the Quality score (range 0-4): R, recruitment; E, explanatory variable ascertainment; O, outcome variable ascertainment (all of the outcomes were recorded from medical record); C, controlled covariates, including age, sex, smoking, alcohol, BMI or physical activity, and SES (if all of these covariates were controlled, the study got one point) DM, diabetes mellitus p value and an r-sub (equivalent) [22]. When a paper reported p<0.05, p<0.10 or NS, we computed r-sub (equivalent) with p values of 0.025, 0.050, 0.50 (one-tailed), respectively, which likely yielded a highly conservative estimate of the effect size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An association of adverse psychosocial factors with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analytic review of longitudinal cohort studies

2008

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Aims/hypothesis There has been substantial interest in the association between psychosocial stress and risk of diabetes mellitus, but no data on the systematic quantification of the causal relationship have been published. This analysis aims to evaluate the association between adverse psychosocial factors and diabetes mellitus. Methods We performed a search of Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed up to July 2008. The studies included were prospective cohort studies investigating the association between adverse psychosocial factors and risk of diabetes mellitus. Results There were 22 relationships between psychosocial factors and disease-related factors (in 14 papers), of which 16 evaluated the associations of adverse psychosocial factors with diabetes control in diabetic populations and six evaluated the associations of adverse psychosocial factors with the incidence of diabetes in populations without any diagnosed diabetes. The overall meta-analysis demonstrated that adverse psychosocial factors were significantly associated with poor diabetes control (combined correlation coefficient, r=0.096, p=0.006), whereas adverse psychosocial factors were not associated with incident diabetes mellitus. More notably, sensitivity analyses showed that low social support was more robustly associated with poor diabetes control than stressful events per se or stress-prone personality or coping style, and that adverse psychosocial factors were associated with poor control of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation The current review revealed a detrimental association of psychosocial factors with the prognosis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, any aetiological effect of adverse psychosocial factors remains elusive as a result of the small number of individuals enrolled in the cohorts studied.

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requivalent: A simple effect size indicator.

Cited by 352 publications

References 3 publications

Preschoolers understand the normativity of cooperatively structured competition

Preschoolers understand the normativity of cooperatively structured competition

Facial expression of positive emotions in individuals with eating disorders

An association of adverse psychosocial factors with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analytic review of longitudinal cohort studies

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