Research advances in HMGN5 and cancer

Abstract

High-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 5 (HMGN5) is a new member of the high-mobility group N (HMGN) protein family that is involved in nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activation. It was first discovered in mouse, and recent studies found that the expressions of HMGN5 in many human cancers were also highly regulated, such as prostate, bladder, breast, and lung and clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Numerous reports have demonstrated that HMGN5 plays significant roles in many biological and pathological conditions, such as in developmental defects, hypersensitivity to stress, embryonic stem cell differentiation, and tumor progression. Importantly, deficiency of HMGN5 has been shown to be linked to cancer cell growth, cell cycle regulation, migration, invasion, and clinical outcomes, and it represents a promising therapeutic target for many malignant tumors. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the role of HMGN5 in cancer development and progression.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1A Upregulates HMGN5 by Increasing the Expression of GATA1 and Plays a Role in Osteosarcoma Metastasis

“…Our previous study found that HMGN5 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues, and knockdown of HMGN5 inhibits migration and invasion of U-2 OS and Saos-2 cells [13]. HMGN5 plays a role in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway or MAPK/ERK signaling pathway [12]. In addition, Ji et al found that the expression level of HMGA1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the hypoxic environment [48].…”

“…HMGA and HMGB are related to tumor metastasis. In recent years, the function of HMGN in tumor invasion and metastasis has been extensively studied [12]. Studies have shown that HMGN5 plays an important role in the metastasis of prostate cancer [43], bladder cancer [44,45], kidney cancer [46], and breast cancer [47].…”

“…HIF1A is a key factor in the hypoxic microenvironment and is closely related to the expression of various tumorassociated factors. Meanwhile, HMGN5 has been shown to be associated with metastasis of tumors [12]. Our previous study found that HMGN5 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and knockdown of HMGN5 inhibits migration and invasion of U-2 OS and Saos-2 cells [13].…”

“…e main treatments are still tumor resection and nonspecific combination chemotherapy [6][7][8][9]. With the development of treatment of primary tumor, the long-term survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has increased [10], but the five-year survival rate of patients with distant metastases is still low (0-29%) [11,12]. In addition, fast-growing solid tumors such as osteosarcoma often have a hypoxic microenvironment inside, which further promotes the metastasis of osteosarcoma [10].…”

Silencing HMGN5 suppresses cell growth and promotes chemosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…In recent years, high mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 5 (HMGN5) has been recognized as a cancer-related gene in several types of human cancer. [7] HMGN5, also named nucleosomebinding protein 1, is a typical member of the HMGN protein family and is localized at the xq13.3 region of the human genome. [8] HMGN5 protein is located in the nucleus and regulates gene transcription through interaction with nucleosomes.…”