“…Electric heating elements generally are divided into metal (nickel-based alloy, iron aluminum alloy, etc.,), non-metal (SiC, MoSi 2 , ZrO 2 , LaCrO 3 , etc.,), and others (PTC, thick film) heating elements. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The electric heating elements in HNB have volume effects, including size, shape, and application condition restrictions, which make the resistivity and strength of the current electric heating materials unsuitable. Consequently, there is an urgent need to synthesize a new heating element composite material that exhibits suitable mechanical and electrical properties, while also meeting the specific requirements of the heating element.…”