Research following Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Certified efficiency of Pb perovskite solar cells with mixed cations is reported to be 19.6% (1 cm 2 ). One of the recent research interests is on enhancing the solar cell efficiency further. Band gap of the present Pb perovskite is about 1.55 eV. Supposing that Voc loss is 0.4 eV, the best efficiency is obtained by using perovskite with about 1.4 eV band gap. One of the candidates for the narrow band gap perovskite material is SnPb mixed metal perovskite. In this paper, the relationship between Voc losses and hetero-interface structures is discussed in detail, leading to the conclusion that hetero-interface structures give serious effects on the solar cell efficiency. It is reported that the efficiency was enhanced from about 5% to 16% after optimization of the hetero-interface structure. In addition, research trend on Pb free perovskite solar cells consisting of Sn or Bi, which is another recent research interest, is also reviewed.

Energy Level Tuning of PEDOT:PSS for High Performance Tin‐Lead Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Although remarkable progress of Sn‐Pb mixed PSCs have been achieved in the last few years, the performance and reproducibility of such devices are still significantly behind the Pb‐only counterpart. The Sn‐Pb mixed PSCs usually exhibit relative low open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) than expectation, probably due to the facile oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ , non‐passivated defects at the interfaces, and non‐matched energy‐level of charge transport layers (CTLs) . The widely employed CTLs for inverted Sn‐Pb mixed PSCs included poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PCBM) or C 60 as electron‐transporting layers (ETLs), respectively, which are mainly inspired by the material selection for MAPbI 3 based solar cells.…”

High‐Quality Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Film for Lead‐Free Inverted Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells with 2.2 % Efficiency

“…[4][5][6][7] To promote the large-scale commercialization of this promising optoelectronic photovoltaic device, the long-term stability and toxicity of the Pb-based perovskite material remain the biggest challenges. [11][12][13][14][15] Tin (Sn), an element possessing similar property with Pb (locates in the same main group and shows similar outer electronic configuration), has been found to exhibit great potential in solar cell application. [11][12][13][14][15] Tin (Sn), an element possessing similar property with Pb (locates in the same main group and shows similar outer electronic configuration), has been found to exhibit great potential in solar cell application.…”

“…[8][9][10] As a consequence, many researches have turned their attention to the exploration of Pb-free perovskite material with high ambient stability and low toxicity. [11][12][13][14][15] Tin (Sn), an element possessing similar property with Pb (locates in the same main group and shows similar outer electronic configuration), has been found to exhibit great potential in solar cell application. [16][17][18][19] However, the easy oxidation of Sn 2 + to Sn 4 + has a great impact on the stability of the Sn-based perovskite material, which is considered to be the fatal limitation for its development as light absorber.…”

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Vapor-Assisted Cs2AgBiBr6 Homogenous Film Deposition for Solar Cell Application

“…Over the last few years, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable interest, due to their high absorption coefficients, , long electron–hole diffusion lengths, , and simple production processes. , Today, PSCs already show an above 25% power conversion efficiency (PCE), surpassing many third-generation solar cells, which makes them the most exciting alternative to commonly used silicon solar cells. Nevertheless, the commercialization of Pb-halide PSCs [APbX 3 , A = methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + , MA), formamidinium (CH 3 C­(NH 2 )­NH + , FA), Cs, and X = Cl, Br, and I] is challenged primarily by their stability and toxicity. , This has resulted in several research groups focusing on lead (Pb)-free perovskites with low toxicity and high environmental stability. − …”