Research Handbook on Patent Law and Theory

Takenaka, Toshiko

doi:10.4337/9781785364129

2019

DOI: 10.4337/9781785364129

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Research Handbook on Patent Law and Theory

Toshiko Takenaka¹

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“…Additionally, organic-acid-catalyzed GTP systems were developed by Chen and co-workers and Kakuchi et al for the polymerization of (meth)acrylates [30][31][32] . In the last year, we applied such an organic-acid-catalyzed GTP system to the polymerization of various alkyl crotonates 33,34 . The GTP system in our study used an organic acid such as N-(trimethylsilyl)bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf 2 NTMS) as a catalyst and a silyl ketene acetal such as 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2methyl-1-propene (MTS) as an initiator ( Supplementary Fig.…”

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Unique acrylic resins with aromatic side chains by homopolymerization of cinnamic monomers

et al. 2019

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Cinnamic monomers, which are useful chemicals derived from biomass, contain α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups with an aromatic ring at the β-position. Homopolymers synthesized by addition polymerization of these compounds are expected to be innovative bio-based polymer materials, as they have both polystyrene and polyacrylate structures. However, polymerization of these compounds by many methods is challenging, including by radical methods, owing to steric hindrance of the substituents and delocalization of electrons throughout the molecule via unsaturated π-bonding. Herein we report that homopolymers of these compounds with molecular weights (M n) of~18,100 g mol −1 and controlled polymer backbones can be synthesized by the group-transfer polymerization technique using organic acid catalysts. Additionally, these homopolymers are shown to have high heat resistance comparable to that of engineering plastics. Overall, these findings may open up possibilities for the convenient homopolymerization of cinnamic monomers to produce high-performance polymer materials.

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Unique acrylic resins with aromatic side chains by homopolymerization of cinnamic monomers

et al. 2019

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Governance and regulation of local working requirement and importation: Pharmaceutical industry study

Roisah

Rahayu

Darminto

et al. 2022

JGR

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This paper aims to analyze the governance and regulation of local working requirement (LWR) and importation of pharmaceutical products in Indonesia. Based on the theoretical perspectives of Cottier and Panizzon (2004) and Champ and Attaran (2002), this study aims to analyze the important role of patents through LWR and importation, both directly or indirectly to facilitate the transfer of technology and to stimulate technology transfer with the availability of technology information through patent documents. The research was conducted by using a qualitative descriptive-analytical method. A doctrinal approach was used in this study in the context of reviewing the laws and regulations in the field of patents, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter TRIPS Agreement), health law, and its derivative regulations. The theory used in this study is about the politics of patent law which focuses on the national interest to pursue local production of patented inventions. The results showed that LWR, pharmaceutical importations provisions, and intellectual property rights law policies as a whole in Indonesia need to be harmonized and integrated with policies on technology transfer, industrial development, trade, and investment. The results underscore the main way in which LWR can contribute directly to the transfer of technology in developing countries.

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Research Handbook on Patent Law and Theory

Cited by 2 publications

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Unique acrylic resins with aromatic side chains by homopolymerization of cinnamic monomers

Unique acrylic resins with aromatic side chains by homopolymerization of cinnamic monomers

Governance and regulation of local working requirement and importation: Pharmaceutical industry study

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