Research note: The resistome of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics”a

Gambi, Lucia; Crippa, Cecilia; Lucchi, Alex; Cesare, Alessandra De; Parisi, Antonio; Manfreda, Gerardo; Pasquali, Frédérique

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.101770

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…70 vs. 5–6 weeks) and are more likely to have been exposed to antimicrobial drugs especially during recurrent disease episodes or failed therapy. More so, that strains obtained during 2016 and 2018 were isolated from sick birds and perhaps could have contributed to this higher level of resistance as strains originating from sick animals have higher propensity to demonstrate resistance to common drugs than the non‐pathogenic strains (Gambi et al., 2022 ; OIE, 2015 ; Johnson et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa

Hassan,

Qekwana,

Naidoo

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem largely due to the overuse of antimicrobials. In recognition of this, the World Health Assembly in 2015 agreed on a global action plan to tackle AMR. Following the global emergence of the mcr‐1‐associated colistin resistance gene in the livestock industry in 2016, several countries including South Africa restricted the veterinary use of colistin as the gene threatens the clinical utility of the drug. This study is a follow‐up to the restriction in place in order to evaluate the impact of such policy adoption.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of antibacterial resistance (ABR), and the mcr‐1 colistin resistance gene in broiler chicken over a 2‐year period, as a follow‐up to the veterinary ban on colistin use in South Africa.MethodsA total of 520 swab samples were obtained during 2019 (March–April) and 2020 (February–March), from healthy broiler chicken carcasses (n = 20) and chicken droppings in transport crates (n = 20) at various poultry abattoirs (N = 7) in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Escherichia coli organisms were isolated and subjected to a panel of 24 antibacterials using the MicroScan machine. Screening for mcr‐1 colistin resistance gene was undertaken using PCR.ResultFour hundred and thirty‐eight (438) E. coli strains were recovered and none demonstrated phenotypic resistance towards colistin, amikacin, carbapenems, tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam. The mcr‐1 gene was not detected in any of the isolates tested. Resistances to the aminoglycosides (0%–9.8%) and fluoroquinolones (0%–18.9%) were generally low. Resistances to ampicillin (32%–39.3%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (30.6%–3.6%) were fairly high. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in cephalosporins and cephamycin resistance was noted in the year 2020 (February–March) when compared with the year 2019 (March–April).ConclusionThe absence of mcr‐1 gene and colistin resistance suggests that mitigation strategies adopted were effective and clearly demonstrated the significance of regulatory interventions in reducing resistance to critical drugs. Despite the drawback in regulatory framework such as free farmers access to antimicrobials OTC and a dual registration system in place, there is a general decline in the prevalence of ABR when the present data are compared with the last national veterinary surveillance on AMR (SANVAD 2007). To further drive resistance down, mitigation strategies should focus on strengthening regulatory framework, the withdrawal of OTC dispensing of antimicrobials, capping volumes of antimicrobials, banning growth promoters and investing on routine surveillance/monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa

Hassan,

Qekwana,

Naidoo

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Table (4) includes the effect of adding Cordyceps sinensis extract and the probiotic to the diet of broilers on blood lipid traits at 42 days of age. The results of the two traits of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the table showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in treatment T3 compared to treatment T2, and it did not differ significantly with treatments T1, T4, T5, T6 and T7.…”

Section: Blood Lipid Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well as diseases, that led to the excessive use of antibiotics that cause health problems for consumers because of its accumulation in poultry products [1] and [2] in addition to the emergence of resistant bacteria [3]. Therefore, it became imperative for breeders not to deal with them, as the European Union has directed since 2006 to ban the use of antibiotics as growth stimulants [4]. Because of the aforementioned factors, researchers, breeders and poultry specialists tended to use unconventional and natural alternatives that are available, can enhance the vital and physiological functions of poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Adding Cordyceps Sinensis Extract and the Probiotic to the Diet on some Blood Traits of Broiler

Shihab

Nafea

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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From October 28, 2021, to December 8, 2021, this study was done at the University of Anbar’s Department of Animal Production inside the College of Agriculture (42 days). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of feeding broilers (aged 1–42 days) diets containing either a single dose or two doses of Cordyceps Sinensis (C.S) extract mushroom and the probiotic, as well as combinations of these ingredients, on the animals’ physiological performance and certain blood traits. In this study, 210 one-day-old (Ross 308) chicks weighing an average of 40g were split into seven treatments with three replicates each (10 chicks for each replicate). The control treatment (T1) was used as a baseline against which the effects of the experimental treatments could be measured. In treatments 2 and 3, C.S extract was added at 300 and 600 mg/kg feed, respectively. A probiotic was added to the meal at a dosage of 3 g/kg in Treatment 4 (T4) and 6 g/kg in Treatment 5 (T5). The sixth treatment (T6) added a probiotic (3 g/kg of feed) and a C.S. extract (300 mg/kg of feed). The seventh treatment (T7) involved adding 600 milligrams of C.S. extract per kilogram of feed in addition to 6 grams of probiotics per kilogram of feed. Treatments T1, T3, and T6 were shown to be statistically superior to T2 and T7 in terms of white blood cell trait (WBC), whereas Treatments T4 and T5 showed no significant differences. Treatments T3 and T7 were found to have a significantly (P≤0.05) higher heterozygous cell to lymphocyte ratio than treatments T2, T4, T5, and T6, but did not differ from the control treatment T1. Based on biochemical characteristics of the blood serum, it was found that the concentration of glucose in the blood was significantly higher in treatments T2, T4, T5, and T7 compared to treatments T1, T3, and did not differ between treatments T6 and T7 (P≤0.05). Treatments T2, T5, and T7 had a higher total protein concentration than treatments T1, T4, and T6, and did not differ significantly from treatment T3. Treatment T3 had the lowest total protein concentration. Treatments T2, T4, T5, and T7 had higher globulin concentrations than did treatments T1, T3, and T6 (P≤0.05). When comparing the effects of treatments T1, T4, T5, T6, and T7 on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), T1 and T4 showed a statistically significant (P≤0.05) reduction compared to treatments T2, T3, T5, T6, and T7. Concerning the concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the results showed a significant deterioration (P≤0.05) in treatments T3, T5 and T7 compared to treatments T1, T2, T4 and T6. Results reveal that treatment T3 significantly raises (P0.05) triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) compared to treatment T2, but does not significantly differ from treatments T1, T4, T5, or T6 or T7. The results revealed that treatments T3, T4, and T5 considerably improved cholesterol concentration compared to treatments T2, T6, and T7 (P≤0.05), while treatment T1 did not significantly affect cholesterol concentration (control treatment). HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels were found to be substantially (P≤0.05) higher in T1 (control treatment) and T3 compared to T4, T5, and T6, but did not differ significantly from T2 and T7. The results showed that the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was substantially higher (P≤0.05) in treatments T2, T4, and T5 compared to treatments T1, T3, and T7, but did not differ significantly from treatment T6.

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“…Apart from their use for the treatment and prophylaxis of human and animal infections, antibiotics are widely used as metaphylactic agents and growth promoters in animal production. Such practices, however, increase selective pressure and may favor the development of antimicrobial resistance [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage-Associated Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Brazilian Poultry

Pilati

Cadamuro

Filho

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Colibacillosis is a disease caused by Escherichia coli and remains a major concern in poultry production, as it leads to significant economic losses due to carcass condemnation and clinical symptoms. The development of antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem of worldwide concern. Lysogenic bacteriophages are effective vectors for acquiring and disseminating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of this study was to investigate the complete genome of Escherichia coli isolates from the femurs of Brazilian broiler chickens in order to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with bacteriophages. Samples were collected between August and November 2021 from broiler batches from six Brazilian states. Through whole genome sequencing (WGS), data obtained were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Antimicrobial resistance genes against the aminoglycosides class were detected in 79.36% of the isolates; 74.6% had predicted sulfonamides resistance genes, 63.49% had predicted resistance genes against β-lactams, and 49.2% of the isolates had at least one of the tetracycline resistance genes. Among the detected genes, 27 have been described in previous studies and associated with bacteriophages. The findings of this study highlight the role of bacteriophages in the dissemination of ARGs in the poultry industry.

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Research note: The resistome of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics”a

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa

Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa

Effect of Adding Cordyceps Sinensis Extract and the Probiotic to the Diet on some Blood Traits of Broiler

Bacteriophage-Associated Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Brazilian Poultry

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