Research of the Tool Velocity and Product Shape Aspects of the Hot Radial Rolling of C45 Steel Rings

Surdacki, Piotr; Gontarz, Andrzej; Winiarski, Grzegorz; Samołyk, G.

doi:10.12913/22998624/143269

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The rheology of C45 steel is described by the following equation:

where σ F is the flow stress, ε is the effective strain,

is the effective strain rate, and T is the temperature. The constitutive equation (Equation (1)) adopted in this study to describe the rheology of C45 steel has been used successfully on several occasions in studies conducted by other authors [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For the discretisation of the billet, hexahedral finite elements with an average size of 1.5 mm were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools

Bulzak

2022

Materials

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The internal cracking of forgings during the cross-wedge rolling (CWR) process is a serious limitation that prevents the correct implementation of this process. The phenomenon of material cracking in the CWR process reduces the technological and application possibilities of this highly efficient process, which can produce forgings with high geometric accuracy. This article presents the results of rolling forgings at different temperatures. An analysis of the results showed that the size of the resulting material fracture in the CWR process is related to the size of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the forging formed during rolling. On the basis of the observations made, it was proposed to realise the cross-wedge rolling process with concave tools. The use of tools with a concave geometry is intended to reduce the excessive flow of material in the rolling direction, which restrains the formation of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the forging. Numerical simulations were carried out comparing the rolling with flat tools and concave tools with different radii of the curvature. The results show that the use of concave tools reduces the ovality of the cross-section of the forging during rolling and reduces the value of the normalised Cockcroft–Latham (CL) fracture criterion.

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“…The rheology of C45 steel is described by the following equation:

where σ F is the flow stress, ε is the effective strain,

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools

Bulzak

2022

Materials

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“…1. Scheme of radial ring rolling; 1 -main roll, 2 -mandrel, 3 -shaped ring, 4 -calibrating rollers [10] ring to be shaped; the friction forces are too low to set the ring into rotation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This argues in favor of using the highest possible infeed speed. Surdacki et al [10] in their study presented the effect of the infeed speed of the moving tool at constant main roll speed on the process. The research allowed them to conclude that the greater the value of the infeed of the shaping roller, the cross-section of the ring has a shape similar to a rectangle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of Speed Parameters of the Ring Rolling Process

Surdacki¹,

Gontarz²,

Winiarski³

et al. 2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Hot ring rolling is a method of forming ring products with large diameters in relation to the cross-sectional dimensions. This process is a complex incremental metal forming process. It is characterized by high dynamics and continuous change of shape of the rolled ring. Important process parameters are the rotational speed (and the peripheral speed dependent thereon) and the infeed speed of the main roll. In industry, the goal is to be as effi cient as possible, so it makes sense to use the highest possible speeds in the process. An important issue is to determine the ratio of the peripheral speed of the main roll to the infeed of that roll. If the ratio of these speeds is too low, the ring is distorted due to the occurrence of slippage between the tools and the ring being shaped. The objective of the research presented in this study was to determine the limiting ratio of infeed speed to peripheral speed of the main roll. Based on the tests conducted, a range of values for the ratio of the two speeds of the main roll at which the process can be performed properly was determined.

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“…The analysis of the specialist publications and preliminary own research [ 19 ] revealed that the speed parameters of the process influence the final dimensions and the deformation of the cross-section of the rings. Additionally, the authors found that a significant parameter in this respect is the temperature of the shaped material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research the Dimensional Accuracy of C45 Steel Ring Forgings Produced by Radial Rolling

Gontarz,

Surdacki,

Michalczyk

2023

Materials

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The rolling process of rings is a commonly used method for producing annular forgings. There are two primary types of this process: radial-axial rolling and radial rolling. This article presents the research results regarding the latter, in which obtaining a product with the assumed dimensions constitutes a major problem. In industrial practice, the process parameters are based on the experience of technologists and/or by trial and error. This is why the authors considered it justified to undertake the research aimed at determining the influence of the main process parameters, that is, preform temperature and tool speed, on the shape and dimensions of the cross-section, which determine the internal and external diameters of the rolled ring. The research was based on numerical simulations and experimental studies. The results obtained proved that the higher the feed speed of the main roll, the greater the change in the cross-sectional height during rolling, and the smaller the cross-sectional deformation (the so-called fishtail). Nevertheless, a higher preform temperature reduces the final height of the ring and reduces cross-section deformation. On the basis of the obtained test results, guidelines for the process design were postulated, considering the influence of temperature and speed parameters on the final dimensions of the forging and the dimensions of the preform.

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Research of the Tool Velocity and Product Shape Aspects of the Hot Radial Rolling of C45 Steel Rings

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools

Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools

Research of Speed Parameters of the Ring Rolling Process

Research the Dimensional Accuracy of C45 Steel Ring Forgings Produced by Radial Rolling

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