Research on an Optimized Quarter-Wavelength Resonator-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Low-Frequency Acoustic Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Sound wave is an extensively existing mechanical wave, especially in marine and industrial plants where low-frequency acoustic waves are ubiquitous. The effective collection and utilization of sound waves provide a fresh new approach to supply power for the distributed nodes of the rapidly developing Internet of Things technology. In this paper, a novel acoustic triboelectric nanogenerator (QWR-TENG) was proposed for efficient low-frequency acoustic energy harvesting. QWR-TENG consisted of a quarter-wavelength resonant tube, a uniformly perforated aluminum film, an FEP membrane, and a conductive carbon nanotube coating. Simulation and experimental studies showed that QWR-TENG has two resonance peaks in the low-frequency range, which effectively extends the response bandwidth of acoustic–electrical conversion. The structural optimized QWR-TENG has excellent electrical output performance, and the maximum output voltage, short-circuit current and transferred charge are 255 V, 67 μA, and 153 nC, respectively, under the acoustic frequency of 90 Hz and sound pressure level of 100 dB. On this basis, a conical energy concentrator was introduced to the entrance of the acoustic tube, and a composite quarter-wavelength resonator-based triboelectric nanogenerator (CQWR-TENG) was designed to further enhance the electrical output. Results showed that the maximum output power and the power density per unit pressure of CQWR-TENG reached 13.47 mW and 2.27 WPa−1m−2, respectively. Application demonstrations indicated that QWR/CQWR-TENG has good capacitor charging performance and is expected to realize power supply for distributed sensor nodes and other small electrical devices.

Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Sustainable and Renewable Energy: Working Mechanism, Tribo-Surface Structure, Energy Storage-Collection System, and Applications

“…The table shows that the MN-PDMS TENG has an excellent charging ability, with charging characteristics of a charging voltage of 2.1 V in the charging time of about 0.56 s [47]. The table shows other charging voltages of different TENGs that are higher than that of the MN-PDMS TENG, but they require longer charging times, for example, a charging voltage of 3 V during the charging time of 117 min (3 V-117 min couple) that is exhibited by a TENG of PTFE/PDMS with a nanoparticle structure [140], a 1.5 V-1.36 h couple is exhibited by a TENG of PPy/PTFE with a micro/nanostructure [145], a 3 V-9 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/FEP with a micro/nanostructure [146], a 3 V-320 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/PTFE materials [147], a 2.2 V-1 min couple is exhibited by a TENG of Nylon/PTFE with a nanostructure [148], and a 2.5 V-35 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/PTFE with a nanostructure [105].…”

“…Examples include the development of a triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered chemical sensors [251], the construction of a ring-shaped vibration TENG for vibration sensors [252], the creation of a sliding-mode TENG for self-powered security applications [253], the fabrication of a 3DWE-TENG for self-powered stretchable sensors, the construction of an SWF-TENG for self-powered stretchable sensing [254], the development of self-powered humidity sensors with structured surfaces (nanowire, nanoporous, nanotube, and monolayer) [255], the use of a garment-integrated TENG for pressure sensors [256], the construction of hybrid TENGs for self-powered sensors [257], self-powered humidity, and temperature sensors [258], the utilization of a flexible TENG based on MXene/GO composites for self-powered health monitoring [259], the construction of a C-TENG for self-powered strain sensors [260], and the production of a hybrid TENG and a piezoelectric nanogenerator for self-powered wear-able sensors [261]. Numerous surveys have highlighted the advantages of TENGs, such as their potential as a blue energy source [262], their role as a renewable energy resource [263], their green energy source suitability with sustainable diagnostics for human healthcare applications [244], their clean energy source attributes with small sizes [150], their ability to offer flexibility and smart applications through materials like MXene-TENG [264], their use as a self-powered device for biomechanical energy harvesting and behavior sensing [265], their suitability for portable and flexible wearable sensing and human healthcare applications [266], their ability to provide flexible and self-charging power systems [267], their capacity for stability and selectivity in self-powered and advanced chemical sensor systems [268], their capability to enhance the energy conversion efficiency for powering LEDs and various TENG applications [269], their proficiency as an effective power resource for flexible pressure sensing and portable electronic equipment [270], their competence in harvesting energy from low-frequency acoustic waves for capacitor charging [146], their ability to sensitively detect physiological signals [146], their characteristics of sustainable and efficient energy conversion ...…”

“…Processes 2023, 11, x FOR PEERREVIEW 13 of 35 charging voltage of 3 V during the charging time of 117 min (3 V-117 min couple) that is exhibited by a TENG of PTFE/PDMS with a nanoparticle structure[140], a 1.5 V-1.36 h couple is exhibited by a TENG of PPy/PTFE with a micro/nanostructure[145], a 3 V-9 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/FEP with a micro/nanostructure[146], a 3 V-320 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/PTFE materials[147], a 2.2 V-1 min couple is exhibited by a TENG of Nylon/PTFE with a nanostructure[148], and a 2.5 V-35 s couple is exhibited by a TENG of Al/PTFE with a nanostructure[105].…”

A hybrid energy harvesting approach for transmission lines based on triboelectric nanogenerator and micro thermoelectric generator

“…Since the invention of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in 2012 [11], TENG technology, based on friction-induced and electrostatic induction mechanisms, has found extensive applications in the field of nano energy harvesting for self-powered sensing [12][13][14] and various other applications [15][16][17]. TENG has the ability to convert various forms of mechanical energy into electrical, including wind energy [18][19][20], wave energy [21][22][23][24], alongside vibration energy [25][26][27].…”

Advances in Energy Harvesters/Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Sensors II

“…This device demonstrated a maximum output power of 1.46 mW under optimal conditions, i.e., 4 MΩ load impedance and 1 g acceleration. To take advantage of acoustic waves of lower frequency in marine and industrial environments, Xiao et al [ 8 ] present a novel acoustic triboelectric nanogenerator comprising a quarter-wavelength resonant tube, an FEP membrane, an evenly perforated aluminum film, and a conductive coating of carbon nanotube. To efficiently manufacture Sb 2 Se 3 /CdS-based solar cells for solar energy harvesting, Kumari et al [ 9 ] developed a device designed for easy reproduction in any laboratory through the utilization of the thermal evaporation technique.…”