Research on engineered electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Water electrolysis plays a keen interest towards hydrogen generation for justifying global environmental and energy storage. However, still there is deficiency of efficient electrocatalysts to overcome sluggish kinetics for hydrogen...

Transition metal-based electrocatalysts for alkaline overall water splitting: advancements, challenges, and perspectives

“…101 Therefore, significant efforts have been undertaken to modify TMOs for HER activity in alkaline environments, making the modified TMOs excellent candidates for OWS. 102 Hybridisation of TMOs with other electroactive substances (such as TMOs, TMPs, TMs, and TM alloys) can enhance the catalytic performance. 103 As a result of the mixed-valence states of Co 2+/3+/4+ , the electrocatalysis of the HER and OER on cobalt oxide electrodes has long been a subject of intense interest in electrochemistry.…”

Facile Deposition of a Spherical Ruthenium–Cobalt Alloy on Nickel Foam as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Production

“…6,7 The development of highly active and potent electrocatalysts to drive HER at faster rates is crucial for scalable hydrogen production. 8,9 Although water electrolysis can be conducted under both acidic and alkaline conditions, the former is considered technologically and commercially nonviable because of the lack of suitable counter electrode materials. 10−12 Consequently, efforts are directed toward developing highly active and stable HER catalysts for basic media to facilitate the commercialization of hydrogen production.…”

“…Despite these advantages, the current industrial method of hydrogen production heavily relies on fossil fuels, thereby exacerbating CO 2 emissions. , Consequently, significant efforts are underway to explore cleaner, more sustainable, and energy-efficient methods of hydrogen production . Nonfossil energy-based water electrolysis, which involves the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is currently emerging as the most promising route for clean hydrogen generation. , The development of highly active and potent electrocatalysts to drive HER at faster rates is crucial for scalable hydrogen production. , Although water electrolysis can be conducted under both acidic and alkaline conditions, the former is considered technologically and commercially nonviable because of the lack of suitable counter electrode materials. − Consequently, efforts are directed toward developing highly active and stable HER catalysts for basic media to facilitate the commercialization of hydrogen production. , Although the HER in alkaline environments progresses slowly with a high overpotential, resulting in an energy-intensive process, the development of efficient and robust catalysts for this process is both crucial and challenging. , …”